Table 3.
Proportion of PCS rated as at least mild
| Symptom | Language samples | TBI severity | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch (N = 597) (%) | English (N = 223) (%) | Finnish (N = 213) (%) | Italian (N = 268) (%) | Norwegian (N = 263) (%) | Spanish (N = 254) (%) | Mild/moderate (N = 1,521) (%) | Severe (N = 269) (%) | |
| Headaches | 27 | 31 | 33 | 27 | 31 | 33 | 30 | 29 |
| Dizziness | 27 | 28 | 34 | 23 | 28 | 30 | 28 | 28 |
| Nausea | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 4 |
| Noise sensitivity | 26 | 22 | 17 | 19 | 27 | 24 | 22 | 27 |
| Sleep disturbance | 29 | 34 | 36 | 26 | 28 | 27 | 30 | 26 |
| Fatigue | 52 | 56 | 42 | 40 | 48 | 37 | 44 | 63 |
| Irritable | 28 | 33 | 24 | 29 | 27 | 31 | 27 | 36 |
| Depressed | 27 | 38 | 21 | 28 | 22 | 28 | 26 | 35 |
| Frustrated | 30 | 43 | 23 | 29 | 28 | 24 | 28 | 39 |
| Forgetful | 41 | 46 | 36 | 45 | 38 | 37 | 38 | 57 |
| Poor concentration | 37 | 39 | 32 | 40 | 34 | 31 | 34 | 44 |
| Longer to think | 42 | 41 | 25 | 28 | 34 | 22 | 32 | 42 |
| Blurred vision | 19 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 22 |
| Light sensitivity | 14 | 13 | 16 | 18 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 18 |
| Double vision | 10 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 6 | 11 | 9 | 17 |
| Restless | 24 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 21 | 16 | 20 | 22 |
Symptoms rated at least as a mild problem (i.e., ≥ 2). Bold values indicate relative frequencies over 33% (i.e., 1/3 of each language sample)