Table 4.

CFA results for competitive factorial structure analyses of the RPQ across the language samples (raw data)

Factor structure	Language	χ2	df	χ2/df	p	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	CI90%	SRMR
One-factor structure [6]	Dutch	776.54	104	7.47	< 0.001	0.988	0.986	0.105	[0.098, 0.112]	0.075
	English	324.13	104	3.12	< 0.001	0.987	0.985	0.098	[0.086, 0.111]	0.096
	Finnish	267.05	104	2.57	< 0.001	0.988	0.986	0.087	[0.074, 0.100]	0.088
	Italian	422.31	104	4.06	< 0.001	0.979	0.975	0.107	[0.097, 0.118]	0.093
	Norwegian	228.23	104	2.19	< 0.001	0.992	0.991	0.068	[0.056, 0.080]	0.078
	Spanish	262.18	104	2.52	< 0.001	0.986	0.984	0.078	[0.066, 0.090]	0.085
Two-factor model (emotional-somatic, cognitive)a [19]	Dutch	549.25	89	6.17	< 0.001	0.992	0.990	0.094	[0.086, 0.102]	0.065
	English	260.63	89	2.93	< 0.001	0.989	0.988	0.094	[0.081, 0.107]	0.090
	Finnish	238.98	89	2.69	< 0.001	0.988	0.986	0.090	[0.076, 0.104]	0.085
	Italian	324.95	89	3.65	< 0.001	0.983	0.980	0.100	[0.088, 0.112]	0.084
	Norwegian	188.48	89	2.12	< 0.001	0.993	0.992	0.066	[0.053, 0.079]	0.066
	Spanish	214.95	89	2.42	< 0.001	0.989	0.987	0.075	[0.062, 0.088]	0.077
Two-factor model (RPQ-3, RPQ-13) [20]	Dutch	738.87	103	7.17	< 0.001	0.989	0.987	0.103	[0.096, 0.110]	0.071
	English	275.66	103	2.68	< 0.001	0.990	0.988	0.087	[0.075, 0.100]	0.087
	Finnish	241.52	103	2.34	< 0.001	0.990	0.988	0.080	[0.067, 0.094]	0.083
	Italian	379.96	103	3.69	< 0.001	0.981	0.978	0.101	[0.090, 0.111]	0.086
	Norwegian	217.73	103	2.11	< 0.001	0.993	0.991	0.065	[0.053, 0.078]	0.076
	Spanish	242.58	103	2.36	< 0.001	0.987	0.985	0.073	[0.062, 0.085]	0.079
Three-factor model (somatic, emotional, cognitive) [21]	Dutch	249.47	101	2.47	< 0.001	0.997	0.997	0.050	[0.042, 0.058]	0.051
	English	189.19	101	1.87	< 0.001	0.995	0.994	0.063	[0.049, 0.077]	0.077
	Finnish	158.61	101	1.57	< 0.001	0.996	0.995	0.052	[0.036, 0.068]	0.067
	Italian	239.43	101	2.37	< 0.001	0.991	0.989	0.072	[0.060, 0.084]	0.076
	Norwegian	128.81	101	1.28	0.032	0.998	0.998	0.033	[0.010, 0.048]	0.067
	Spanish	139.54	101	1.38	0.007	0.997	0.996	0.039	[0.021, 0.054]	0.064
Three-factor model (general somatic, mood/cognition, visual somatic) [22]	Dutch	572.62	101	5.67	< 0.001	0.992	0.990	0.089	[0.082, 0.096]	0.060
	English	214.40	101	2.12	< 0.001	0.993	0.992	0.072	[0.058, 0.085]	0.074
	Finnish	178.44	101	1.77	< 0.001	0.994	0.993	0.061	[0.046, 0.075]	0.071
	Italian	265.30	101	2.63	< 0.001	0.989	0.987	0.078	[0.067, 0.090]	0.072
	Norwegian	207.86	101	2.06	< 0.001	0.993	0.992	0.064	[0.051, 0.076]	0.073
	Spanish	165.25	101	1.64	< 0.001	0.994	0.993	0.050	[0.036, 0.064]	0.067
Four-factor model (vertigo, mood/somatic, cognitive, vision) [23]	Dutch	176.40	98	1.80	< 0.001	0.999	0.998	0.037	[0.028, 0.046]	0.041
	English	122.90	98	1.25	0.045	0.999	0.998	0.034	[0.005, 0.052]	0.066
	Finnish	113.21	98	1.16	0.140	0.999	0.999	0.027	[0.000, 0.047]	0.057
	Italian	157.42	98	1.61	< 0.001	0.996	0.995	0.048	[0.033, 0.061]	0.059
	Norwegian	117.66	98	1.20	0.086	0.999	0.998	0.028	[0.000, 0.045]	0.062
	Spanish	101.95	98	1.04	0.372	1.000	1.000	0.013	[0.000, 0.036]	0.058

Values in bold indicate good model fit according to the respective cut-offs

^aEstimation of the two-factor model comprising emotional/somatic and cognitive domains resulted in a not positive definite covariance matrix of the latent variables. Therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution

χ², chi square; df, degree of freedom; χ²/df, ratio (cut-off: ≤ 2); p, p-value; CFI, Comparative Fit Index (cut-off: > 0.95); TLI, Tucker-Lewis Index (cut-off: > 0.95); RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation (cut-off: < 0.08) with 90% confidence interval (CI); SRMR, standardized root mean square residual (cut-off: < 0.08)