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. 2023 Sep 8;18(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s11671-023-03891-9

Table 2.

Gross toxicity scale [17, 18]

Sign Expression, scorea
0 1 2 3 4
General appearance Normal Unnatural posture/hunched pose Emaciation
Hypo/hyperkinesia Absent Decrease/increase activity Drowsiness/aggression Unresponsive to extraneous activity and provocation
Movement activity Normal Dysbasia/circling tremor Convulsions, limb paralysis
Respiration alterations Absent Deep/heavy/rapid/shallow Respiratory arrest
Skin/coat injuries Absent Redness Wounds Abscess Necrosis
Piloerection Absent Present
Eyes conditions alterations Absent Pale/clouded/ tearing Sunken/inflamed/half-closed Closed eyes, do not open on touch
Exudation Absent ptyalism/nasal Exudation
Defecation changes Absent Abdomen abnormally enlarged/ loose stool Constipation Diarrhea Defecation with blood
Oedema/ alterations including the site of administration Absent Oedema/other changes at the site of administration Not at the site of administration
Body temperature Normal Increased/decreased
Vocalization Absent Occasional Consistent

aDeath of animal is considered to be equal 10