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. 2023 Sep 8;14:5525. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41307-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Determination of gene expression and melatonin content in stable transgenic tomato. OX-SlGENE represents the overexpression lines, and RNAi-SlGENE represents the silencing lines. 10–12 individual tomato fruits at the Br+3 stage were pooled as one biological replicate. Data are represented as Mean ± SEM (n = 3). The P values indicate the results from pairwise comparisons of one-way ANOVA tests. Different letters represent a significant difference at P < 0.05. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. b In vitro enzyme activity verification of key structural genes. Different proteins were incubated with different substrates (serotonin (3), N-acetylserotonin (5) and 5-methoxytryptamine (4), respectively) to detect the production of N-acetylserotonin (5), 5-methoxytryptamine (4), and melatonin (6), respectively. ‘EV’ indicates the empty vector for negative control. c The roles of SlSNAT, SlCOMT2, and SlASMT5/7 in melatonin biosynthesis.