Table 2.
Ovarian causes of androgen overproduction and associated diagnostic features.
| Cause | Diagnosis |
|---|---|
| Tumors | |
| Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor | High testosterone levels Rapidly progressive hirsutism Usually identification of an ovarian lesion by imaging Absence of adrenal pathology Normal DHEAS levels |
| Sertoli cell tumor | |
| Leydig cell tumor | |
| Leydig cell hyperplasia | |
| Steroid cell tumor | |
| Granulosa cell tumor | |
| Thecoma | |
| Gonadoblastoma | |
| Brenner tumor | |
| Metastases from NETs | |
| Endocrine abnormalities | |
| PCOS | US of the ovaries Oligomenorrhea |
| Stromal hyperthecosis | Histopathological examination Insulin resistance |
| HAIR-AN syndrome | Acanthosis nigricans Insulin resistance |
NETs, Neuroendocrine tumors; DHEAS, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; PCOS, Polycystic ovary syndrome; US, Ultrasonography; HAIR-AN, Hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans.