Figure 3.

Wnt/PCP signaling. The Wnt ligand binds to Frizzled and ROR2 receptor complex which activates its downstream effector DVL and RAC1, resulting in the phosphorylation of JNK. Simultaneously, the activated DVL also initiates the de-inhibition of DAAM1 cytoplasmic protein which stimulates RHO thereby promoting the induction of ROCK. Phosphorylated JNK contributes to microtubule stability and along with ROCK activates the c-JUN and ATF2 genes, resulting in the transcription of Wnt-targeted genes. ATF2, activating transcription factor 2; DAAM1, Disheveled associated activator of morphogenesis 1; DVL, Dishevelled; FZD, Frizzled; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; RAC1, Rac family small GTPase 1; Rho, Rhodopsin; ROCK, Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase; ROR2, receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2.