Table 2.

Hesitancy to hepatitis B vaccine. Africa, Asia, Europe and Oceania

Country	Year	Comment	Ref
Australia	2017	HBV VH of the birth dose because of perception of low risk for their infants and instead risk of administration of a vaccine at birth.	[69,70]
China	2014	In 2013, two media reported infant deaths after the administration of the HBV vaccine. Questionnaires on the impact of this information led to 30% VH at the peak of the event.	[71]
	2013-2016	In 2016, a second event was linked to illegal vaccines private sale. Up to 79.2% VH on a private sale, just after the event.	[72]
France	2013	Although most of the surveyed population recognized and were aware of the risk of HBV infection, more than half of them expressed fears about vaccine’s adverse effect.	[73]
	2014	General practitioners were less prone to recommend HBV vaccination to their patients than to vaccinate their children.	[74-76]
	2016	VH for several viral vaccines was over 40%, while the effective refusal of a vaccine was lower than 30%. In general, VH for the hepatitis B vaccine was higher than for other viral vaccines.	[77]
	2017	High VH in France, with up to 30% VH for the HBV vaccine.	[78]
	2017-2018	Low self-vaccination acceptance for most recommended vaccines, and high VH among the general population, particularly hepatitis B.	[79]
Israel	2013-2017	High HBV VH for children [40% during the whole period]. No correlation with social media traffic as for other vaccines.	[80]
	2014-2016	One of the reasons for HBV VH was the perception of a lack of risk of infection for newborns.	[81]
Turkey	2011-2020	HBV VH increased with the COVID-19 pandemic, because of fears of adverse effects.	[82]
Uganda	2020	High HBV VH among pregnant women, is related to lower education level and knowledge of infection risks.	[83]
Vietnam	2017	Almost 40% of HCWs expressed non confidence in the safety of the HBV vaccine.	[84]

HBV: Hepatitis B virus. VH: Vaccine hesitancy. HCWs: Health Care Workers.