Table 3.
Hesitancy to hepatitis B vaccine. America
| Country | Year | Comment | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 2003 | Lower vaccination coverage among older dentists is associated with reduced information on the benefits of the vaccine, and with a lower frequency of gloves use. Dental assistants exhibited significantly lower levels of vaccination. | [85,86] |
| 2008-2009 | Almost 30% of adolescents non vaccinated in Sao Paulo: the main reasons were the lack of orientation and not considering the vaccine necessary. | [87] | |
| 2009 | Non-vaccination among Health care workers [HCW] in Minas Gerais was associated with not having a partner, lower education level, less exposure to disease because of the type of work, and not using personal protection equipment. | [88] | |
| 2010 | In contrast to physicians, the majority of family health nurses did not indicate the hepatitis B vaccine for pregnant women. | [89] | |
| 2010 | Despite the availability of the HBV vaccine for pregnant women since 2009 in Brazil, low vaccination coverage because not frequently offered by physicians. | [90] | |
| 2019 | Only 58% of HCWs exhibited complete vaccination against HBV. More VH was found among HCWs with lower instruction. HCW of Italian origin manifested frequent VH because of fear of MS and assumed Alzheimer’s disease associated with aluminum adjuvants. | [91] | |
| 2020 | Increased HCW HBV vaccination rates in medical students during the 6 years of course [53 to 93%], associated perhaps with an increase in awareness of vaccine benefit and the risk of disease. | [92] | |
| Paraguay | 2020 | Almost 40% of medical students were not vaccinated against HBV, mainly because of a lack of interest. | [93] |
| Canada and USA | 2012-2014 | Analysis of media content arose higher negative perceptions [concerns of adverse effects] of the HBV vaccine, compared to other vaccines. | [94] |
| USA | 2008-2013 | Missing the HBV birth dose was strongly associated with the non-completion of vaccination. | [95,96] |
| 2018-2019 | Low VH for birth dose hepatitis B vaccination, compared to other vaccines. | [97] | |
| 2018-2020 | Rates of birth dose vaccination increased over the 3-year period. Racial differences in HBV birth dose vaccination rates were observed: Asian Americans had the highest rate of newborn vaccination, and high VH for African American infants. | [98] |
HBV: Hepatitis B virus. VH: Vaccine hesitancy. HCWs: Health Care Workers. MS: Multiple sclerosis.