Table 3.
Intraprocedural pulmonary and cardiac adverse events
| Group MAC (n=120) | Group GA1 (n=120) | Group GA2 (n=120) | Statistical significance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall complication (n, %) | 45 (37.5%) | 23 (19.2%) | 21 (17.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Pulmonary events (n, %) | 25 (20.8%) | 0 | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Hypoxemia | 25 (20.8%) | 0 | 0 | < 0.001 |
| The use of airway maneuvers | 25 (20.8%) | 0 | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Jaw thrust | 10 (7.5%) | 0 | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Nasal airway | 4 (3.3%) | 0 | 0 | 0.036 |
| Bag mask ventilation | 6 (4.2%) | 0 | 0 | 0.004 |
| Endotracheal intubation | 5 (1.7%) | 0 | 0 | 0.012 |
| Regurgitation | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| Aspiration | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| Laryngospasm | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| Bronchospasm | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| Chest wall rigidity | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| Cardiac Events (n, %) | 20 (16.7%) | 23 (19.2%) | 21 (17.5%) | 0.911 |
| Hypertension | 4 (3.3%) | 0 | 0 | 0.036 |
| Hypotension | 8 (6.7%) | 11 (9.2%) | 9 (7.5%) | 0.829 |
| New-onset arrhythmia or worsening of pre-existed arrhythmia | 8 (6.7%) | 12 (10.0%) | 12 (10.0%) | 0.605 |
| Premature atrial contractions | 2 (1.7%) | 5 (4.2%) | 4 (3.3%) | 0.639 |
| Premature ventricular contractions | 2 (1.7%) | 2 (1.7%) | 0 | 0.552 |
| Bradycardia | 4 (3.3%) | 5 (4.2%) | 8 (6.7%) | 0.548 |
| Tachycardia | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| ST-segment changes | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| Major adverse cardiac events | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| Cardiac arrest | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| Shock | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| Acute coronary syndrome | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
Defined criteria: Hypoxemia (SpO2 < 90%); hypertension (MAP increase > 40% and a MAP > 110 mmHg); hypotension, systolic pressure < 90 mmHg or mean pressure < 60 mmHg; tachycardia, heart rate > 120 beats/min; bradycardia, heart rate < 55 beats/min. Data presented as n (%) of patients. Categorical data were compared using Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test. MAP, Mean artery pressure.