Table 1.
Baseline characteristics stratified for SDD willingness
| Variables | Overall cohorta | Existing SDD willingnessa | Absent SDD willingnessa | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 248 | 124 | 124 | / |
| Baseline data | ||||
| Age (years) | 61.8 ± 10.5 | 61.8 ± 9.1 | 61.8 ± 11.8 | 0.981 |
| Gender (female) (%) | 33.9 | 29.8 | 37.9 | 0.180 |
| Physical activityb (days per week) | 4.6 ± 2.4 | 4.6 ± 2.5 | 4.6 ± 2.3 | 0.979 |
| Nicotine consumption (%) | 0.16 | |||
| Never smoked regularly | 50.0 | 43.5 | 56.5 | |
| Quit smoking >6 months ago | 41.1 | 46.0 | 36.3 | |
| Quit smoking <6 months ago | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.0 | |
| Smokes regularly | 8.1 | 8.9 | 7.3 | |
| Distance to the nearest ER (km) | 6.7 ± 7.8 | 5.7 ± 6.9 | 7.6 ± 8.5 | 0.056 |
| Clinical presentation | ||||
| EHRA class | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | <0.01 |
| Weight (kg) | 91.1 ± 18.5 | 92.4 ± 18.1 | 89.7 ± 18.8 | 0.247 |
| BMI (kg/m²) | 29.3 ± 5.3 | 29.6 ± 5.4 | 29.1 ± 5.3 | 0.399 |
| CHACSSUBSTART2CSSUBENDDSCSSUBSTART2CSSUBEND-VASc score | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 2.2 ± 1.4 | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 0.357 |
| Type of AF (%) | 0.294 | |||
| Paroxysmal | 40.3 | 42.7 | 37.9 | |
| Persistent | 58.9 | 55.6 | 62.1 | |
| Long-standing persistent | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.0 | |
| Time-to-diagnosis of AF (months) | 60.1 ± 71.2 | 59.0 ± 63.5 | 61.1 ± 78.4 | 0.811 |
| Elixhauser comorbidity score | 3.3 ± 1.9 | 3.3 ± 1.9 | 3.3 ± 1.8 | 0.838 |
| Left ventricular ejection fractionc (%) | 56.0 ± 9.2 | 55.4 ± 10.4 | 56.7 ± 7.8 | 0.304 |
| PROMs | ||||
| AFEQT | 58.8 ± 19.2 | 60.0 ± 19.5 | 57.5 ± 18.9 | 0.315 |
| PHQ2 | 1.3 ± 1.4 | 1.2 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 1.5 | 0.186 |
| PROMIS global health (sum score) | 29.7 ± 5.6 | 30.3 ± 5.7 | 29.1 ± 5.5 | 0.110 |
| Previous AF-related interventions | ||||
| Previously performed CA (%)d | 40.7 | 44.4 | 37.1 | 0.245 |
| Pulmonary vein isolation | 33.1 | 33.1 | 33.1 | 1.000 |
| Ablation of the CTI | 11.7 | 8.9 | 14.5 | 0.167 |
| Surgical left atrial ablation | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 1.000 |
| Previous CA-related adverse event (%) | 6.0 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 0.790 |
| Previous LAA closure procedure (%) | 2.0 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 0.370 |
| Previous CIED surgery (%) | 3.6 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 1.000 |
| Number of previous emergency visitse | 1.0 ± 1.2 | 0.8 ± 1.1 | 1.3 ± 1.4 | <0.01 |
| Number of previous inpatient treatmentse | 1.1 ± 1.2 | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 1.1 | <0.01 |
Continuous variables are described with mean ± standard deviation.
Self-reported physical activity of at least 30 min moderate exercise per day.
Measured by echocardiography or cardiac MRI within 12 months before CA (latest available value).
As there might be more than one previous ablation procedure, the number of individual procedures adds up to more than the percentage of ‘previously performed CA’.
Within 12 months prior to study inclusion.
AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CA, catheter ablation; CIED, cardiac implantable electronic device; CTI, cavotricuspid isthmus; EHRA, European Heart Rhythm Association; ER, emergency room; LAA, left atrial appendage; SDD, same-day discharge; PROM, patient-reported outcome measure.