Table 1.
Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics of the study participants
| Characteristic | Number (n = 63) | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, Median (IQR) | 31 (28, 37) | |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 37 | 58.7 |
| Male | 26 | 41.3 |
| Baseline CD4 cell count, Median (IQR) | 284 (158, 518) | |
| Level of education | ||
| Primary | 33 | 52.4 |
| Secondary | 26 | 41.3 |
| Tertiary | 4 | 6.3 |
| Religion | ||
| Christian | 49 | 77.8 |
| Muslim | 14 | 22.2 |
| Residence | ||
| Rural | 1 | 1.6 |
| Urban | 62 | 98.4 |
| Employment | ||
| No | 9 | 14.3 |
| Yes | 54 | 85.7 |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | 33 | 52.4 |
| Married | 30 | 47.6 |
| Tuberculosis status at baseline | ||
| No symptoms | 52 | 82.5 |
| TB suspect | 10 | 15.9 |
| TB disease | 1 | 1.6 |
| Baseline blood pressure | ||
| Normal BP | 52 | 82.5 |
| Pre-hypertension | 8 | 12.7 |
| Hypertension | 3 | 4.8 |
| HIV clinical stage | ||
| Stage 1 | 61 | 96.8 |
| Stage 2 | 1 | 1.6 |
| Stage 3 | 1 | 1.6 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | ||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 7 | 11.1 |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 41 | 65.1 |
| Overweight (25.0-29.9) | 14 | 22.2 |
| Obese (≥ 30) | 1 | 1.6 |
| Waist circumference | ||
| Normal | 44 | 69.8 |
| Increased risk of cardiometabolic complications | 10 | 15.9 |
| Substantially increased risk of cardiometabolic complications | 9 | 14.3 |
| Smoking status | ||
| Smoker | 6 | 9.5 |
| Non-smoker | 57 | 90.5 |
| Physical activity | ||
| GPAQ < 600 MET minutes | 8 | 12.7 |
| GPAQ ≥ 600 MET minutes | 55 | 87.3 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||
| No consumption | 33 | 52.4 |
| Low risk alcohol consumption | 19 | 30.2 |
| Hazardous alcohol consumption | 6 | 9.5 |
| Risk of alcohol dependence | 5 | 7.9 |
| 24-week viral loads (Proxy baseline VL), n = 62 | ||
| Virologically suppressed | 63 | 100 |
| Anti-GAD antibody | ||
| Negative | 63 | 100 |
| Anti-IA2 antibody status | ||
| Negative | 61 | 96.8 |
| Positive | 2 | 3.2 |
| Laboratory investigations, Median (IQR) | ||
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.86 (0.77, 0.98) | |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 75.2 (53.8, 90.3) | |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 29.6 (24.9, 35.8) | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 130.9 (111.2, 158.7) | |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 95.2 (71.3, 124.0) |
IQR- interquartile range, BP- blood pressure, GPAQ- Global physical activity questionnaire, MET- metabolic equivalent, anti- GAD- anti- glutamic acid decarboxylase, anti- IA2 - anti- Islet cell antigen-2, LDL- low density lipoproteins, HDL- high density lipoproteins.