Table 5.
Association between asthma phenotypes and age, BMI, smoking status and pharmacological treatment
| Variable | Eosinophilic phenotype ≥ 300 cells/mm3 | Atopic phenotype | Atopy + eosinophilia | Eosinophilic phenotype ≥ 150 cells/mm3 | Asthma control | Asthma exacerbations | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Good | Partial | Uncontrolled | |||||||
| Age in years | [12–34] | N = 25 | 11 (44.0%) | 20 (80.0%) | 11 (44.0%) | 18 (72.0%) | 4 (16.0%) | 5 (20.0%) | 16 (64.0%) | 21 (84.0%) |
| [34–47] | N = 24 | 9 (37.5%) | 11 (45.8%) | 4 (16.7%) | 17 (70.8%) | 3 (12.5%) | 5 (20.8%) | 16 (66.7%) | 19 (79.2%) | |
| [47–60] | N = 25 | 7 (28.0%) | 18 (72.0%) | 4 (16.0%) | 17 (68.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | 5 (20.0%) | 17 (68.0%) | 20 (80.0%) | |
| ≥ 60 | N = 27 | 10 (37.0%) | 19 (70.4%) | 7 (25.9%) | 22 (81.5%) | 1 (3.7%) | 10 (37.0%) | 16 (59.3%) | 25 (92.6%) | |
| P = 0.706 | P = 0.065 | P = 0.084 | P = 0.711 | P = 0.636 | P = 0.520 | |||||
| BMI in kg/m2 | Underweight | N = 3 | 2 (66.7%) | 2 (66.7%) | 2 (66.7%) | 2 (66.7%) | 1 (33.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (66.7%) | 2 (66.7%) |
| < 18.5 | ||||||||||
| Normal range | N = 35 | 17 (48.6%) | 25 (71.4%) | 12 (34.3%) | 27 (77.1%) | 3 (8.6%) | 10 (28.6%) | 22 (62.9%) | 28 (80.0%) | |
| [18.5–25] | ||||||||||
| Overweight | N = 35 | 10 (28.6%) | 21 (60.0%) | 6 (17.1%) | 25 (71.4%) | 4 (11.4%) | 9 (25.7%) | 22 (62.9%) | 31 (88.6%) | |
| [25–30] | ||||||||||
| Obese | N = 28 | 8 (28.6%) | 20 (71.4%) | 6 (21.4%) | 20 (71.4%) | 3 (10.7%) | 6 (21.4%) | 19 (67.9%) | 24 (85.7%) | |
| ≥ 30 | ||||||||||
| P = 0.164 | P = 0.744 | P = 0.129 | P = 0.947 | P = 0.856 | P = 0.522 | |||||
| Smoking status | Never | N = 61 | 28 (45.9%) | 42 (68.9%) | 21(34.4%) | 47 (77.1%) | 6 (9.8%) | 12 (19.7%) | 43 (70.5%) | 54 (88.5%) |
| Former | N = 18 | 6 (27.3%) | 15 (68.2%) | 4 (18.2%) | 18 (81.8%) | 2 (9.1%) | 7 (31.8%) | 13 (59.1%) | 18 (81.8%) | |
| Current | N = 22 | 3 (16.7%) | 11 (61.1%) | 1 (5.6%) | 9 (50.0%) | 3 (16.7%) | 6 (33.3%) | 9 (50.0%) | 13 (72.2%) | |
| P = 0.046* | P = 0.824 | P = 0.029* | P = 0.055 | P = 0.457 | P = 0.219 | |||||
| Pharmacological treatment | ICS only | N = 6 | 3 (50.0%) | 4 (66.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | 4 (66.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | 1 (16.7%) | 3 (50.0%) | 2 (33.3%) |
| OCS + ICS | N = 13 | 4 (30.8%) | 8 (61.5%) | 3 (23.1%) | 11 (84.6%) | 2 (15.4%) | 3 (23.1%) | 8 (61.5%) | 12 (92.3%) | |
| ICS + Other | N = 14 | 4 (28.6%) | 8 (57.1%) | 3 (21.4%) | 8 (57.1%) | 5 (35.7%) | 4 (28.6%) | 5 (35.7%) | 3 (21.4%) | |
| OCS + ICS + Other | N = 68 | 26 (38.2%) | 48 (70.6%) | 18 (26.5%) | 51 (75.0%) | 2 (2.9%) | 17 (25.0%) | 49 (72.1%) | 68 (100.0%) | |
| P = 0.810 | P = 0.714 | P = 0.955 | P = 0.389 | P = 0.004** | P < 0.001*** | |||||
Chi-square or Fisher’s exact was performed depending on the expected counts
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001
BMI: body mass index; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids; OCS: oral corticosteroids