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. 2023 Sep 9;23:418. doi: 10.1186/s12870-023-04417-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Map-based cloning and functional confirmation of NLG1. A-C Mapping of NLG1 in a 42.1-kb region on chromosome 3. The numbers below the markers represents the recombinants. D-E A single base-pair substitution from G to A occurred in seventh exon of LOC_Os03g14890, leading to a residue alteration from Val to Met in TIM21 domain. F-I Morphological comparison of plant architectures, flag leaves and spikelet hulls of YD32 (F1, F2 and F3), COM (NLG1-complementation) (G1, G2 and G3), RNAi (NLG1-RNA interference) (H1, H2 and H3), OE (NLG1-overexpression) (I1, I2 and I3) transgenic lines. J1-J3 Plant height (J1), flag leaf width (J2) and spikelet hull width (J3) of YD32, COM, RNAi and OE transgenic lines. Data represent means ± SD (n = 5). K Expression analysis of NLG1 in the flag leaves of the YD32, COM, RNAi and OE transgenic lines using RT-qPCR. Data represent means ± SD (n = 3). **Significant difference at p < 0.01 compared with YD32 by Student’s t-test, and ns means no significance. Scale bars: 10 cm in F1-I1, 2 cm in F2-I2, 1 mm in F3-I3