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. 2023 Sep 8;16:17562864231197309. doi: 10.1177/17562864231197309

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Factors related to depressive symptoms. Multivariable linear regression. Dependent variable: Severity of depressive symptoms as measured by BDI-II score. Regression coefficient with 95% CI given for each parameter. p values for sex, age, MS diagnosis (CIS versus RRMS), baseline EDSS, month of sampling and EBNA1-IgG levels: >0.05, for current relapse: p = 0.016, higher severity of fatigue: p < 0.0001, less 25-OH-vitamin D: p = 0.034, current smoking: p = 0.008. Linear regression model: R 2 : 0.449. Coding: sex: 0 – female, 1 – male; age – years; smoking: 0 – No, 1 – Occasionally, 2 – ⩽5 cigarettes per day, 3 – 6–10 cigarettes per day, 4 – 11–20 cigarettes per day, 5 – >20 cigarettes per day; diagnosis: 0 – CIS, 1 – RRMS; current relapse: 0 – No, 1 – Yes; EDSS – score; FSMC – total score; 25-OH-vitamin D serum concentration – ng/ml; month of sampling – month; EBNA1-IgG titer – U/ml.

BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; CIS, clinically isolated syndrome; EBNA1-IgG, EBV nuclear antigen-1 IgG; EDSS, expanded disability status scale; FSMC, fatigue scale motor cognition; RRMS, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.