Table 1.
Cohort characteristics.
| Variable | Indicator |
|---|---|
| Sex (n, %) | |
| Female | 546 (69.9) |
| Male | 235 (30.1) |
| Age (years; mean, 95% CI) | 34.3 (33.6–35.0) |
| Smoking (n, %) | |
| No | 535 (68.5) |
| Irregularly | 56 (7.2) |
| Daily | 190 (24.3) |
| Diagnosis (n, %) | |
| CIS | 327 (41.9) |
| RRMS | 454 (58.1) |
| Current relapse (n, %) | |
| No | 683 (87.5) |
| Yes | 98 (12.5) |
| EDSS (mean, 95% CI) | 1.5 (1.4–1.6) |
| BDI-II (score; mean, 95% CI) | 7.3 (6.8–7.8) |
| BDI-II score, cumulative frequencies* (n, %) | |
| ⩽8 points | 525 (67.2) |
| >8 points | 256 (32.8) |
| >13 points | 126 (16.1) |
| >20 points | 54 (6.9) |
| >29 points | 13 (1.7) |
| FSMC (total score; mean, 95% CI) | 38.2 (36.9–39.5) |
| 25-OH-VD (ng/ml; mean, 95% CI) | 22.2 (21.2–23.2) |
| 25-OH-VD deficiency (<20 ng/ml; n, %) | 398 (51.0) |
| EBNA1-IgG (U/ml; mean, 95% CI) | 1453.8 (1360.4–1547.2) |
| MRI volumetry parameters | |
| T2 lesion volume (ml; mean, 95% CI) | 131.3 (−113.9–376.4) |
| Gray matter volume (ml; mean, 95% CI) | 637.8 (629.0–646.6) |
| Total brain volume (ml; mean, 95% CI) | 1388.1 (1370.8–1405.4) |
| Thalamus left (µl; mean, 95% CI) | 7211.2 (7108.7–7313.7) |
| Thalamus right (µl; mean, 95% CI) | 6851.3 (6757.5–6945.0) |
| Hippocampus left (µl; mean, 95% CI) | 4010.7 (3962.7–4058.8) |
| Hippocampus right (µl; mean, 95% CI) | 4131.8 (4082.6–4181.0) |
| Amygdala left (µl; mean, 95% CI) | 1610.6 (1586.1–1635.1) |
| Amygdala right (µl; mean, 95% CI) | 1759.9 (1733.6–1786.3) |
| Subcortical gray matter volume (µl; mean, 95% CI) | 56,270.9 (55,722.5–56,819.3) |
*
⩽8 points, no depressive symptoms; >8 points, minimal; >13 points, mild; >20 points, moderate; >29 points, severe depressive symptoms.
BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; CIS, clinically isolated syndrome; EBNA1-IgG, Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 IgG; EDSS, expanded disability status scale; FSMC, fatigue scale motor cognition; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; 25-OH-VD, vitamin D; RRMS, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.