Table 2.
Kinematic Variables in Each Test Condition (n=31)
| Variable | Shoes Only | 15° Inverted Orthoses | 25° Inverted Orthoses | χ2 | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Median (IQR) | Mean ± SD | Median (IQR) | Mean ± SD | Median (IQR) | |||
| AA1 | −4.35 ± 4.20 | −3.60 (5.7) | −2.75 ± 3.93 | −2.60 (4.6) | −3.00 ± 3.15 | −2.70 (4.3) | 13.00 | 0.002* |
| AA2 | 13.67 ± 4.39 | 14.5 (8.55) | 15.38 ± 4.26 | 15.3 (6) | 15.54 ± 3.82 | 15.8 (6.2) | 10.63 | 0.005* |
| AA3 | −13.06 ± 12.53 | −13.4 (13) | −13.93 ± 7.86 | −14.1 (12.55) | −10.28 ± 10.02 | −10.1 (11.35) | 21.74 | <0.001* |
| AA4 | −11.29 ± 3.17 | −11.1 (5.1) | −9.31 ± 3.42 | −8.9 (4.15) | −9.78 ± 2.64 | −9.6 (3.4) | 15.94 | <0.001* |
| AA5 | −1.33 ± 3.36 | −1.6 (2.5) | 0.87 ± 2.81 | 0.5 (3.85) | −0.06 ± 2.73 | 0.2 (3.45) | 16.70 | <0.001* |
| KA1 | 20.13 ± 6.40 | 20.7 (10.95) | 21.75 ± 5.40 | 21 (7.8) | 20.73 ± 5.91 | 19.6 (9.8) | 3.65 | 0.161 |
| KA2 | 8.07 ± 4.99 | 9.3 (7.8) | 7.69 ± 5.06 | 7.3 (7.4) | 7.89 ± 5.03 | 6.8 (8.05) | 2.24 | 0.327 |
| KA3 | 56.91 ± 7.48 | 57.6 (10.9) | 55.77 ± 6.20 | 55.4 (10.3) | 55.92 ± 6.02 | 56.6 (6.9) | 1.48 | 0.477 |
| KA4 | −1.25 ± 2.31 | −0.7 (2) | −0.63 ± 1.90 | −0.2 (1.3) | −1.37 ± 2.05 | −0.8 (3.35) | 4.07 | 0.131 |
| KA5 | −3.74 ± 3.37 | −3.1 (5.05) | −4.20 ± 3.59 | −3.8 (3.95) | −4.90 ± 3.20 | −4.6 (4) | 3.56 | 0.169 |
| KA6 | −14.87 ± 6.73 | −16 (12.5) | −13.76 ± 5.77 | −16.3 (9.55) | −14.27 ± 5.98 | −14.2 (9) | 4.02 | 0.134 |
| KA7 | −1.43 ± 5.42 | −0.9 (5.15) | −0.01 ± 4.70 | 0.5 (6.4) | 0.15 ± 3.51 | 1.4 (4.9) | 4.02 | 0.134 |
| HA1 | −10.47 ± 9.37 | −11.5 (14.25) | −11.00 ± 8.67 | −11.8 (12.4) | −10.68 ± 8.51 | −11.3 (12.45) | 1.12 | 0.572 |
| HA2 | 9.84 ± 2.46 | 9.7 (3.4) | 9.55 ± 2.80 | 9.2 (3.8) | 9.56 ± 2.02 | 9.2 (1.85) | 0.26 | 0.877 |
| HA3 | −8.04 ± 4.80 | −8.1 (4.2) | −10.91 ± 5.76 | −9.5 (7.2) | −11.38 ± 5.60 | −10 (4.8) | 17.09 | <0.001* |
Notes: Values in bold indicate significant differences. *P<0.05.
Abbreviations: AA1, maximum ankle plantarflexion angle during loading response; AA2, maximum ankle dorsiflexion angle during mid-stance; AA3, maximum ankle plantarflexion angle at toe-off; AA4, maximum ankle external rotation angle; AA5, maximum ankle internal rotation angle; KA1, maximum knee flexion angle during loading response; KA2, maximum knee extension angle during mid-stance; KA3, maximum knee flexion angle at toe-off; KA4, minimum knee abduction angle; KA5, maximum knee abduction angle; KA6, maximum knee external rotation angle; KA7, maximum knee internal rotation angle; HA1, maximum hip extension angle; HA2, maximum hip adduction angle; HA3, maximum hip external rotation angle.