Table 2.

Studies on the relationship between preoperative troponin levels and prognosis.

Study	Year	Sample size	Study type	Surgery type	Follow-up time
Gibson et al. (32)	2006	44	Prospective blinded observational study	Lower extremity amputation	6 weeks
Biccard et al. (3)	2012	560	Prospective observational study	Elective vascular surgery	30 days
Thielmann et al. (37)	2012	46	Retrospective single-centre study	Acute surgical pulmonary embolectomy	30 days
Nagele et al. (33)	2013	599	Prospective cohort study	Major non-cardiac surgery	3 years
Weber et al. (6)	2013	979	Prospective international multi-centre observational study	Major non-cardiac surgery	Duration of hospitalization
Gillmann et al. (5)	2014	455	Prospective non-interventional trial	Open vascular surgery	30 days
Ma et al. (36)	2015	2,519	Prospective observational study	Emergent non-cardiac surgery	30 days
Maile et al. (4)	2016	6,030	Single-institution retrospective cohort study	Non-cardiac surgery	30 days
Zimmerman et al. (8)	2016	464	Retrospective review using NSQIP data	Emergency general surgery	30 days
Gualandro et al. (19)	2018	1,022	Prospective cohort study	Non-cardiac surgery	30 days
Golubović et al. (38)	2018	79	Prospective single-center observational study	Major noncardiac surgery	14 days
Hao et al. (39)	2020	789	Prospective cohort study	Total knee arthroplasty	2 years
Zhang et al. (11)	2021	1,259	Single institution, retrospective cohort study	Gastrointestinal tumor surgery	Duration of hospitalization
Zhang et al. (10)	2023	1,105	Single institution retrospective cohort study	Colorectal tumor resection surgery	24.4 ± 10.8 months
Park et al. (40)	2023	703	Single-institution, retrospective cohort study	Non-cardiac surgery	30 days
Zhu et al. (41)	2023	7,156	Single-institution, retrospective cohort study	Non-cardiac surgery	1 years