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. 2023 Sep 9;39(11):302. doi: 10.1007/s11274-023-03753-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — A conceptual scheme on how heteromannans interact (green) with other lignocellulosic fractions, such as cellulose (purple) and O-acetyl-arabinoglucuronoxylan (cyan). The lsHM such as GM regions binds to the cellulose microfibril surfaces and the hsHM binds to lignin (not shown) but not cellulose, while O-acetyl-arabinoglucuronoxylan hydrogen bond to the hydrophilic surfaces of cellulose through folding as a twofold helical screw. The hemicelluloses, O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan and O-acetyl-arabinoglucuronoxylan, may adopt more coiled conformations where they can interact with each other through bridging adhesion of different intensities. Finally, the ferulic groups attached to the arabinosly residues of the xylan enable coupling of xylan with lignin (not shown)