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. 2023 Aug 1;27(9):4911–4928. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-05162-4

Table 10.

Meta-regression investigating the variables influencing the odds ratio between e-cigarette users and non-smokers

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
Moderator β p β p β p β p
Axis section  −30.85 0.03  −12.34 0.39  −8.49 0.05  −12.06 0.01
Age of non-smokers 0.58 0.11
Age of e-cigarette smokers 0.10 0.80
Daily e-cigarette consumption  −0.02 0.94
Duration of e-cigarette consumption 0.98 0.43
QHeterogeneity 71.01  < 0.0001 117.98  < 0.0001 110.29  < 0.0001 97.92  < 0.0001
Qmoderator 2.48 0.11 0.06 0.80 0.00 0.94 0.63 0.43
I2 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.97
τ2 19.59 29.84 30.13 26.48
R2 20.7 0.00 0.00 0.00