Table 2.
Included studies listed by level of evidence and year of publication
| Nr | Author | Title | Level of evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [54] | The association between electronic-cigarette use and self-reported oral symptoms including cracked or broken teeth and tongue and/or inside-cheek pain among adolescents: a cross-sectional study | III |
| 2 | [55] | Oral mucosal lesions in electronic cigarettes consumers versus former smokers | III |
| 3 | [56] | Comparison of periodontal parameters and self-perceived oral symptoms among cigarette-smokers, individuals vaping electronic cigarettes and never-smokers: a pilot study | IIa |
| 4 | [57] | Oral Candida carriage among cigarette- and waterpipe- smokers, and electronic cigarette users | IIa |
| 5 | [58] | Association of e-cigarette use with oral health: a population based cross-sectional questionnaire study? | III |
| 6 | [59] | Electronic cigarette: role in the primary prevention of oral cavity cancer | IIa |
| 7 | [57] | Clinical and radiographic periodontal status and whole salivary cotinine, IL1β and IL-6 levels in cigarette- and waterpipe-smokers and e-cig users | IIa |
| 8 | [61] | Clinical periodontal status and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine profile among cigarette-smokers, electronic-cigarette users and never-smokers | IIa |
| 9 | [62] | Deregulation of biologically significant genes and associated molecular pathways in the oral epithelium of electronic cigarette users | IIa |
| 10 | [63] | Impact of cigarette smoking and vaping on the outcome of full-mouth ultrasonic scaling among patients with gingival inflammation: a prospective study | IIa |
| 11 | [64] | Association between regular electronic nicotine product use and self-reported periodontal disease status: population assessment of tobacco and health survey | III |
| 12 | [65] | Oral health of smokers and e-cigarette users: a case–control study | IIa |
| 13 | [20] | Proinflammatory cytokine levels and peri-implant parameters among cigarette smokers, individuals vaping electronic cigarettes and non-smokers | IIb |
| 14 | [66] | Comparison of self-rated oral symptoms and periodontal status among cigarette smokers and individuals using electronic nicotine delivery systems | III |
| 15 | [67] | Comparison of cotinine levels in the peri-implant sulcular fluid among cigarette and waterpipe smokers, electronic-cigarette users, and non-smokers | III |
| 16 | [68] | Comparison of RANKL and osteoprotegerin levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of young cigarette- and waterpipe-smokers and individuals using electronic nicotine delivery systems | III |