Table 3.
The prognostic role of palpable prostate tumors at digital rectal exam (DRE) in predicting disease progression after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
| Endpoint | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Clinical adjusted HR (95% CI) | Pathological adjusted HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population (n = 901) | |||
| Non-palpable tumors | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Palpable tumors | 1.902 (1.389–2.605) | 1.512 (1.092–2.094) (*) | 1.497 (1.084–2.066) (**) |
| Pathology ISUP ≥3 (n = 439) | |||
| Non-palpable tumors | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Palpable tumors | 1.751 (1.217–2.519) | 1.476 (1.016–2.144) (*) | 1.612 (1.113–2.333) (***) |
| Extracapsular extension (n = 88) | |||
| Non-palpable tumors | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Palpable tumors | 3.262 (1.251–8.505) | 5.515 (1.534–19.833) (*) | 5.354 (1.840–15.583) (^) |
| Seminal vesicle invasion (n = 107) | |||
| Non-palpable tumors | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Palpable tumors | 2.278 (1.270–4.083) | 2.639 (1.322–5.231) (*) | 1.870 (1.021–3.425) (^^) |
| Pelvic lymph node invasion (n = 71) | |||
| Non-palpable tumors | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Palpable tumors | 2.609 (1.255–5.421) | 2.906 (1.302–6.487) (*) | 2.763 (1.176–6.482) (^^^) |
HR odds ratio; CI confidence interval
(*): after adjusting for age, BMI, ASA, PV, PSA, BPC, ISUP, cN; (**): after adjusting for ISUP, pT, R1, pN1; (***), after adjusting for pT, R, pN; (^); after adjusting for ISUP, R, pN; (^^), after adjusting for ISUP, R, pN; (^^^), after adjusting for ISUP, pT, R; according to DRE findings, normal DRE is non-palpable tumors, while abnormal DRE are palpable cancers; see also Tables 1 and 2 as well as “Materials and methods” section for details