Table 2.
IVF outcomes in cases and controls
| Characteristics | Cases (SET) n = 212 cycles | Controls (DET) n = 212 cycles | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of follicles ≥ 14 mm | 5.4 ± 2.5 | 5.5 ± 2.8 | 0.74 |
| Oocyte retrieved | 5.0 ± 1.9 | 5.2 ± 2.0 | 0.19 |
| Mature oocytes | 4.1 ± 1.7 | 4.3 ± 1.8 | 0.32 |
| Insemination | |||
| Standard IVF | 66 (31%) | 74 (35%) | 0.71 |
| ICSI | 143 (68%) | 135 (64%) | |
| Both | 3 (1%) | 3 (1%) | |
| Number of inseminated oocytes | 4.3 ± 1.7 | 4.5 ± 1.8 | 0.18 |
| Fertilization rate (%) | 80 [67–100] | 75 [60–100] | 0.026 |
| Viable embryos (day of embryo transfer) | 3.3 ± 1.3 | 3.2 ± 1.4 | 0.52 |
| ≥ 2 top-quality embryos (day of embryo transfer) | 149 (70%) | 165 (78%) | 0.08 |
| No. of cryopreserved embryos | |||
| 0 | 136 (64%) | 176 (83%) | 0.001 |
| 1–2 | 68 (32%) | 35 (17%) | |
| 3–4 | 8 (4%) | 1 (1%) | |
| No. of cycles with subsequent frozen embryo transfer | 56 (26%) | 29 (14%) | 0.002 |
| No. of embryo transfers | 1 [1, 2] | 1 [1–1] | 0.001 |
| 1 (fresh only) | 156 (74%) | 183 (86%) | 0.006 |
| 2 (1 fresh + 1 frozen) | 40 (19%) | 24 (11%) | |
| 3–4 (1 fresh + 2/3 frozen) | 16 (8%) | 5 (2%) | |
| Clinical pregnancies | |||
| In the fresh cycle | 36/212 (17%) | 46/212 (22%) | 0.22 |
| With frozen embryos | 19/56 (34%) | 9/29 (31%) | 0.87 |
| Number of gestational sacs | |||
| 1 | 55 (100%) | 45 (82%) | 0.001 |
| 2 | 0 (0%) | 10 (18%) | |
| Cumulative clinical pregnancy rate per oocyte retrieval | 55 (26%) | 55 (26%) | 1.00 |
| Cumulative delivery rate per oocyte retrieval | 46 (22%) | 45 (21%) | 1.00 |
| Pregnancy follow-up | |||
| Miscarriage | 9 (16%) | 10 (18%) | 0.80 |
| Live birth | 46 (84%) | 45 (82%) | |
| Twins at birth | 0 (0%) | 10 (22%) | 0.008 |
| Major congenital abnormalities/newborns | 0/46 (0%) | 2/55 (4%)* | 0.50 |
Data are reported as mean ± SD or number (%) or median [IQR] as appropriate. SET: single embryo transfer; DET: double embryo transfer; IVF: in vitro fertilization; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection. * = Down syndrome