Table 2.
Baseline characteristics
| DCS-CANVAS | DCS-DECLARE | DCS-EMPA | DCS-ZIN | DCS-Overall | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count (% overall)a | 998 (8.17) | 4517 (36.98) | 326 (2.67) | 1928 (15.79) | 12214 (100) | |
| Age, years | 66.17 (8.82) | 70.57 (8.64) | 69.13 (9.58) | 71.63 (9.61) | 66.02 (12.22) | < 0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 9.98 (7.49) | 8.68 (7.84) | 10.25 (7.02) | 10.16 (7.02) | 6.79 (7.17) | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/liter | 4.31 (1.03) | 4.36 (1.02) | 4.18 (0.96) | 4.29 (1.04) | 4.54 (1.09) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.89 (0.81) | 7.40 (0.96) | 7.74 (0.69) | 6.87 (1.05) | 6.87 (1.18) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 62.77 (8.88) | 57.34 (10.50) | 61.13 (7.50) | 51.62 (11.48) | 51.60 (12.91) | < 0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 81.78 (15.85) | 73.49 (18.71) | 73.90 (18.79) | 67.73 (19.92) | 78.04 (19.90) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31.51 (5.57) | 30.23 (5.34) | 30.13 (4.65) | 29.92 (5.19) | 30.26 (5.57) | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 149.79 (20.23) | 141.33 (18.26) | 145.43 (20.94) | 143.74 (22.62) | 140.60 (20.88) | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 79.29 (10.19) | 77.71 (8.23) | 76.39 (10.02) | 76.35 (9.00) | 78.89 (8.78) | < 0.001 |
| Male, count (%) | 642 (64.3) | 2629 (58.2) | 226 (69.3) | 1199 (62.2) | 6549 (53.6) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking status, count (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Current | 326 (33.0) | 790 (17.8) | 64 (19.7) | 334 (17.5) | 2289 (19.1) | |
| Former | 406 (41.1) | 2224 (50.0) | 184 (56.6) | 1112 (58.1) | 5667 (47.3) | |
| Never | 257 (26.0) | 1436 (32.3) | 77 (23.7) | 468 (24.5) | 4022 (33.6) | |
| Using CVD medicationb, count (%) | 942 (94.4) | 4102 (90.9) | 318 (97.5) | 1879 (97.5) | 10017 (82.2) | < 0.001 |
| Using metformin, count (%) | 998 (100.0) | 3298 (73.0) | 247 (75.8) | 1347 (69.9) | 7860 (64.6) | < 0.001 |
| Using sulfonylureas, count (%) | 383 (38.4) | 1396 (30.9) | 158 (48.5) | 604 (31.3) | 2420 (19.9) | < 0.001 |
| Using insulin, count (%) | 384 (38.5) | 1439 (31.9) | 133 (40.8) | 677 (35.1) | 3034 (24.9) | < 0.001 |
| Previous AMI, count (%) | 81 (8.1) | 203 (4.5) | 122 (37.4) | 378 (19.6) | 378 (3.1) | < 0.001 |
| Previous CVA, count (%) | 72 (7.2) | 166 (3.7) | 89 (27.3) | 335 (17.4) | 335 (2.7) | < 0.001 |
| Previous CHF, count (%) | 33 (3.3) | 133 (2.9) | 51 (15.6) | 235 (12.2) | 235 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
DCS-CANVAS the subset of Hoorn Diabetes Care System cohort filtered by CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study [7], DCS-DECLARE the subset of Hoorn Diabetes Care System cohort filtered by Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Events [8], DCS-EMPA the subset of Hoorn Diabetes Care System cohort filtered by Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient [6], DCS-ZIN the subset of Hoorn Diabetes Care System cohort filtered by Dutch reimbursement criteria (version October 2022 [25]), DCS-Overall the overall Hoorn Diabetes Care System cohort, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, CVD cardiovascular disease, AMI acute myocardial infarction, CVA cerebrovascular accident, CHF chronic heart failure
Mean (one standard deviation) are presented unless otherwise stated
aThe proportion indicates the percentage to the DCS-Overall population, so it does not add up to 1
bCVD medication, cardiovascular disease medication including C02, C03A, C03B, C03E, C03DA, C07, C08, C09, C10, C01, C03, C04, C05, according to ATC code