Table 2.
Methodology of health economic evaluation
| Publication | Currency | Annual discount rate for costs (%) | Annual discount rate for health effects (%) | Type of model | Cycle length (in months)a | Deterministic sensitivity analysis performed? | Probabilistic analysis performed? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atrial fibrillation | |||||||
| Aronsson et al., 2017 [40] | 2016 EUR | 3 | 3 | Markov | 12 | Yes | Yes |
| Birkemeyer et al., 2020 [21] | EURb | 3 | 3 | Markov | NR | Yes | Yes |
| Giebel, 2020 [41] | EURb | 3 | 3 | Markov | 12 | No | No |
| Hill et al., 2020 [42] | 2017 GBP | 3.5 | 3.5 | DT-Markov | NR | Yes | No |
| Jacobs et al., 2018 [22] | EURb | 4 | 1.5 | DT-Markov | 3 | Yes | Yes |
| Jacobs et al., 2021 [43] | 2018 USD | 4 | 4 | DT-Markov | 6 | Yes | Yes |
| McIntyre et al., 2020 [44] | 2014 USD | 1.5 | 1.5 | Markov | NR | No | Yes |
| Moran et al., 2016 [45] | EURb | 5 | 5 | Markov | 12 | No | Yes |
| Oguz et al., 2020 [46] | 2016 USD | 3 | 3 | Markov | 3 | Yes | Yes |
| Orchard et al., 2020 [26] | AUDb | 5 | 5 | NR | NR | Yes | No |
| Proietti et al., 2019 [47] | EURb | NR | NR | Markov | NR | No | Yes |
| Schnabel et al., 2022 [48] | 2018 EUR | NR | NR | Markov | 12 | Yes | No |
| Sciera et al., 2022 [49] | 2018 EUR | 4 | NR | DT-Markov | 12 | Yes | No |
| Tarride et al., 2018 [50] | 2017 CAD | 1.5 | 1.5 | Markov | 12c | Yes | Yes |
| Wahler et al., 2022 [20] | 2014 EUR | 3 | 3 | Markov | NR | Yes | No |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm | |||||||
| Fite et al., 2021 [51] | EURb | NR | NR | Markov | NR | No | No |
| Hager et al., 2017 [52] | 2013 EUR | 3 | 3 | Markov | 12 | Yes | Yes |
| Hultgren et al., 2019 [53] | 2016 EUR | 3 | 3 | Markov | 12 | Yes | Yes |
| Nair et al., 2019 [54] | 2011 NZD | 3 | 3 | Markov | 3 | Yes | Yes |
| Sweeting et al., 2021 [55] | 2019 GBP | 3.5 | 3.5 | DES | NA | Yes | Yes |
| Thompson et al., 2018 [19] | 2015 GBP | 3.5 | 3.5 | DES | NA | Yes | Yes |
| Wanhainen et al., 2016 [56] | EURb | 3 | 3 | Markov | 12c | No | No |
| Zarrouk et al. 2016 [29] | 2014 EUR | 3 | 3 | Markov | 12 | Yes | No |
| Hypertension | |||||||
| Beyhaghi and Viera, 2019 [57] | 2017 USD | 3 | 3 | DT-Markov | 12 | Yes | Yes |
| Dehmer et al., 2017 [58] | 2012 USD | 3 | 3 | MS | 12 | Yes | No |
| Lee et al., 2021 [59] | KRWb | 5 | 5 | DT-Markov | 12 | Yes | No |
| Monahan et al., 2018 [31] | GBPb | 3.5 | 3.5 | Markov | 3 | Yes | Yes |
| Nguyen et al., 2016 [24] | 2013 USD | 3 | 0 | DT-Markov | 12 | Yes | Yes |
| Rosendaal et al., 2016 [23] | 2012 USD | 3 | 3 | Markov | 12 | Yes | Yes |
| Stol et al., 2021 [32] | 2014 EUR | 4 | 1.5 | Markov | NR | Yes | No |
| 10-year CVD risk | |||||||
| Hynninen et al., 2019 [60] | 2015 EUR | 3 | 3 | DT | NA | Yes | Yes |
| Kariuki et al., 2018 [25] | USDb | 3 | 3 | NR | NR | No | No |
| Kievit et al., 2017 [61] | 2012 EUR | 4 | 1.5 | Markov | 12 | Yes | Yes |
| Kypridemos et al., 2018 [30] | 2016 GBP | 3.5 | 3.5 | MS | NR | No | Yes |
| Lagerweij et al., 2020 [62] | EURb | 4 | 1.5 | MS | 12 | No | Yes |
| Smith et al., 2019 [63] | 2015 USD | 3 | 3 | Markov | 12 | Yes | No |
| Coronary artery disease | |||||||
| van Kempen et al., 2016 [64] | 2014 USD | 3 | 3 | Markov | 12 | Yes | Yes |
| Venkataraman et al., 2021 [65] | 2020 USD | 3 | 3 | MS | 12 | Yes | Yes |
| Ying et al., 2020 [36] | 2016 AUD | 5 | 5 | MS | 12 | Yes | Yes |
| Intracranial aneurysm | |||||||
| Flahault et al., 2018 [66] | 2016 EUR | NR | NR | Markov | 12 | No | Yes |
| Malhotra et al., 2019 [39] | 2016 USD | 3 | 3 | DT-Markov | 12c | Yes | Yes |
| Peripheral artery disease | |||||||
| Itoga et al., 2018 [67] | 2017 USD | 3 | NR | Markov | 1 | Yes | No |
| Lindholt and Søgaard, 2021 [68] | EURb | 3.5 | 3.5 | DT-Markov | 12 | Yes | Yes |
| Bicuspid valve stenosis | |||||||
| Tessler et al., 2021 [69] | 2019 EUR | 3 | 3 | DT-Markov | 12c | Yes | Yes |
| Corotid artery stenosis | |||||||
| Högberg et al., 2018 [70] | 2016 EUR | 3.5 | 3.5 | Markov | 12 | Yes | No |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | |||||||
| Catchpool et al., 2019 [28] | 2018 AUD | 5 | 5 | DT-Markov | 12 | Yes | Yes |
| Heart failure | |||||||
| van Giessen et al., 2016 [71] | EURb | 4 | 1.5 | Markov | 3 | No | Yes |
| Left ventricular disfunction | |||||||
| Tseng et al., 2021 [72] | 2018 USD | 3 | 3 | DT-Markov | NR | Yes | Yes |
| Overall CVD | |||||||
| Crossan et al., 2017 [73] | 2015 GBP | 3.5 | 3.5 | DES | NA | Yes | Yes |
Parameters were directly extracted from the studies
AUD Australian dollar, CAD Canadian dollar, CEA cost-effectiveness analysis, CUA cost-utility analysis, CVD cardiovascular disease, DES discrete event simulation, DT decision tree, DT-Markov combination of decision tree and Markov model, EUR euro, GBP Great British Pound, HEE health economic evaluation, KRW Korean Won, Markov Markov cohort state transition model, MS microsimulation (patient-level state transition model), NA not applicable, NR not reported, NZD New Zealand dollar, USD United States dollar
aOnly applicable to discrete time models
bYear of the currency used was not reported. The year in which the article was published was used as proxy
cValues were not directly reported, but could be derived from the article or supplementary materials