. 2023 Jun 16;41(10):1183–1203. doi: 10.1007/s40273-023-01287-2

Table 3.

Outcomes of health economic evaluations

Publication^a	Costs for early detection strategy per person (in 2021 EUR)^b	Costs for comparator per person (in 2021 EUR)^b	Incremental costs (in 2021 EUR)^b	QALYs for early detection strategy per person^a	QALYs for comparator per person^a	Incremental QALY^a	Base case ICER (in 2021 EUR/QALY)^b	Reported WTP threshold (converted to 2021 EUR)^b	Probability early detection strategy is cost effective (in %)^a
Atrial fibrillation
Aronsson et al., 2017 [40]	NR	NR	60.96	NR	NR	0.00	18,046	55,019	NR
Birkemeyer et al., 2020 [21]	NR	NR	− 132.25	7.92	7.91	0.02	Dominant	NR	100
Giebel, 2020 [41]	7363	6676	686.92	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	75
Hill et al., 2020 [42]	503^c	489^c	14.09^c	NR	NR	0.00	6854	24,726	NR
Jacobs et al., 2018 [22]	12,583	13,398	− 815.07	8.02	7.75	0.27	Dominant	21,344	99.8
Jacobs et al., 2021 [43]	NR	NR	509.80	NR	NR	0.41	1232	1808	99.9
McIntyre et al., 2020 [44]	NR	NR	229.13	NR	NR	0.01	41,730	41,813	24
Moran et al., 2016 [45]	16,080	15,987	92.43	7.82	7.82	0.00	25,313	49,517	79
Oguz et al., 2020 [46]	6949	6325	624.37	7.01	7.00	0.01	47,644	99,364	88
Orchard et al., 2020 [26]	NR	NR	NA	NR	NR	NR	10,262	NR	NR
Proietti et al., 2019 [47]	249^c	170^c	78.81^c	8.83	8.82	0.01	6975	31,195	NR
Schnabel et al., 2022 [48]	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	32,401	NR	NR
Sciera et al., 2022 [49]	102^c	42^c	60.19^c	7.31^c	7.30^c	0.01^c	10,032	23.478	NR
Tarride et al., 2018 [50]	150	159	8.68	8.74	8.74	0.00	Dominant	37,004	63
Wahler et al., 2022 [20]	NR	NR	− €83.19 (CH) − €7.56 (UK) €6.63 (GR) €17.15 (NL) €22.1 (PL) €36.69 (S)	NR	NR	0.01 (CH) 0.01 (UK) 0.01 (GR) 0.01 (NL) 0.02 (PL) 0.01 (S)	Dominant (CH) Dominant (UK) €543 (GR) €1698 (NL) €1182 (PL) €2830 (S)	NR	NR
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Fite et al., 2021 [51]	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	13,664	NR	NR
Hager et al., 2017 [52]	425	260	164.84	10.77	10.75	0.02	7093	26,913	~ 100^c
Hultgren et al., 2019 [53]	680	456	224.48	10.67	10.65	0.03	8436	11,004	81
Nair et al., 2019 [54]	20,352^c	20,257^c	94.85	9.21	9.2	0.01	5174	14,762	80
Sweeting et al., 2021 [55]	314	239	74.69	NR	NR	0.01	9816	23,719	49
Thompson et al., 2018 [19]	149	80	68.44	8.73	8.73	0.00	34,227	30,370	42
Wanhainen et al., 2016 [56]	1389	896	492.97	NR	NR	0.06	8550	NR	NR
Zarrouk et al. 2016 [29]	901	713	187.69	10.93	10.92	0.01	17,447	22,211	NR
Hypertension
Beyhaghi and Viera, 2019 [57]	NR	NR	− 4815.59	NR	NR	0.08	Dominant	48,031	100
Dehmer et al., 2017 [58]	NR	NR	1091.79	NR	NR	0.16^c	43,371	44,712	NR
Lee et al., 2021 [59]	24,516^c	24,468^c	48.01^c	18.56^c	18.56^c	0.00^c	14,716	22,160	NR
Monahan et al., 2018 [31]	4084	3947	137.39	18.153	18.116	0.04	3713	24,104	100
Nguyen et al., 2016 [24]	242	232	10.49	5.96	5.95	0.00	3599	13,412	99^c
Rosendaal et al., 2016 [23]	69	54	14.76	NR	NR	NR	655	2452	99
Stol et al., 2021 [32]	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	339,832	22.211	NR
10-year CVD risk
Hynninen et al., 2019 [60]	1848	1817	30.91	7.63	7.62	0.01	2361^c	55,195	100
Kariuki et al., 2018 [25]	2803	3111	− 307.27^c	NR	NR	NR	Dominant	NR	NR
Kievit et al., 2017 [61]	2593	3870	− 1214.93	6.3	6.21	0.09	Dominant	22,988	95^c
Kypridemos et al., 2018 [30]	NR	NR	− 0.23^c	NR	NR	0.00	Dominant	26,819	100
Lagerweij et al., 2020 [62]	11,871	9679	2192.19	27.41	27.35	0.06	35,933	20,536	10^c
Smith et al., 2019 [63]	26,395	29,952	− 3556.74	15.53	15.37	0.16	Dominant	NR	NR
Coronary artery disease
van Kempen et al., 2016 [64]	13,601	12,786	814.51	14.68	14.65	0.03	27,151	41,813	45
Venkataraman et al., 2021 [65]	5540	5345	130.42	9.39	9.38	0.01	13,505	44,973	91
Ying et al., 2020 [36]	373,884	371,074	2810.27^c	7.67	7.31	0.36^c	8217	36,938	94
Intracranial aneurysm
Flahault et al., 2018 [66]	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	1.29^c	NR	55,019	99
Malhotra et al., 2019 [39]	19,713	146,979	− 127,265.67^c	25.86	22.99	2.87	Dominant	99,364	~ 100^c (vs no prevention)
Peripheral artery disease
Itoga et al., 2018 [67]	19,407	19,115	324.69	9.65	9.65	0.00	85,263	48,031	NA
Lindholt and Søgaard, 2021 [68]	3974	3323	650	9.53	9.48	0.05	12,397	NR	NR
Bicuspid valve stenosis
Tessler et al., 2021 [69]	2433	3103	− 669.66	26.8	26.5	0.3	Dominant	45,493	83
Corotid artery stenosis
Högberg et al., 2018 [70]	9581	8322	1259.81	7.67	7.47	0.1993	6321	25,309	NR
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Catchpool et al., 2019 [28]	2432	2229	202.67	14.96	14.92	0.04	2094	33,778	90
Heart failure
van Giessen et al., 2016 [71]	8368	7477	891.31	12.48	12.35	0.13^c	6729	22,008	90
Left ventricular disfunction
Tseng et al., 2021 [72]	198,634	197,831	802.22^c	9.53	9.52	0.02^c	47,068	90,391	93
Overall CVD
Crossan et al., 2017 [73]	NR	NR	24.65^c	NR	NR	0.00^c	2824	30,370	45.6^c

CH Switzerland, CVD cardiovascular disease, EUR euro, GR Greece, ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, NA not applicable, NL Netherlands, NR not reported, PL Poland, QALY quality-adjusted life-year, S Serbia, UK United Kingdom, WTP willingness-to-pay threshold

^aParameters that were directly extracted from the studies

^bParameters that were synthesised by the reviewers after extraction of data

^cEstimated outcomes that were not directly reported, but could be derived from text, tables or figures