Table 1.

Study population characteristics.

	Levodopa-naive (Brazil) n = 49	Levodopa+ n = 150	Levodopa+ (Netherlands) n = 75	Levodopa+ (Brazil) n = 75
Age (years)	65 [42–90]	66 [33–93]	69 [51–93]	64 [33–91]
Sex (M/F)	30/19	107/43	58/17	49/26
Time since onset of motor symptoms (years)	6.5* [5–20]	7.7* [5–22]	7.5 [5–16]	7.8 [5–22]
Time since diagnosis (years)	4.0* [0.1–9]	6.1* [2–11]	6.1 [2–11]	6.1 [5–11]
Duration levodopa treatment (years)	N/A	5.6 [2–10]	5.6 [2–10]	5.6 [3–10]
Duration dopaminergic treatment (years)	N/A	5.9 [2–10]	5.8 [2–10]	5.9 [3–10]
Exposed to dopamine agonists (n, %)	N/A	76 [51%]	26 [35%]	50 [67%]
Levodopa equivalent dosage (g)	N/A	0.79 [0.1–2.1]	0.74 [0.1–1.1]	0.84 [0.2–2.1]
Cumulative lifetime levodopa exposure (g)	N/A	727 [128–4122]	888 [165–2732]	567 [128–4122]
MDS-UPDRS part III [0–136]	30* [12–58]	37* [12–79]	38 [12–79]	36 [12–66]
Frontal Assessment Battery [0–18]	15 [9–18]	15 [9–18]	16 [9–18]	15 [8–18]
Home assessment (n, %)	12* [24%]	81* [54%]	75 [100%]	6 [8%]

Values are represented as mean ± range, unless otherwise specified.

* Shows statistically significant difference between the levodopa-naive and the combined levodopa-treated group.