Table 2.
Linear regression for the relationships between demographic variables and FPG and HbA1c for TX Sprouts participants.
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | HbA1c (%) | HbA1c (%) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 (n = 973) | Model 2 (n = 920)a | Model 1 (n = 610) | Model 2 (n = 571)a | |||||||||
| Unstd β | 95% CI | p-value | Unstd β | 95% CI | p-value | Unstd β | 95% CI | p-value | Unstd β | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Female | REF | – | REF | – | – | REF | – | – | REF | – | – | |
| Male | 0.50 | (−0.68, 1.69) | 0.404 | 0.24 | (−0.99, 1.46) | 0.705 | −0.05 | (−0.09, 0.01) | 0.017 | −0.05 | (−0.09, −0.00) | 0.03 |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||
| 7 to 8 | REF | – | – | REF | – | – | REF | – | – | REF | – | – |
| 9 | −0.4 | (−2.01, 1.21) | 0.625 | −0.26 | (−1.92, 1.40) | 0.759 | 0.03 | (−0.03, 0.09) | 0.3 | 0.03 | (−0.03, 0.09) | 0.349 |
| 10 | −0.29 | (−1.90, 1.32) | 0.725 | −0.49 | (−2.15, 1.17) | 0.564 | 0.02 | (−0.04, 0.08) | 0.531 | 0.014 | (−0.0, 0.07) | 0.64 |
| 11 to 12 | 2.14 | (−0.40, 4.69) | 0.099 | 2.09 | (−0.59, 4.78) | 0.126 | 0.08 | (−0.01, 0.17) | 0.071 | 0.04 | (−0.05, 0.13) | 0.393 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | REF | – | – | REF | – | – | REF | – | – | REF | – | – |
| Hispanic | 2.44 | (0.66, 4.23) | 0.007 | 4.57 | (2.04, 7.10) | <0.001 | 0.09 | (0.03, 0.15) | 0.002 | 0.08 | (−0.00, 0.16) | 0.052 |
| Black | 5.51 | (3.11, 7.90) | <0.001 | 3.046 | (−1.18, 7.27) | 0.158 | 0.18 | (0.10, 0.26) | <0.001 | 0.13 | (−0.00, 0.26) | 0.054 |
| Other | 1.58 | (−1.34, 4.51) | 0.288 | – | – | – | 0.06 | (−0.03, 0.15) | 0.203 | – | – | – |
| Free/reduced-price lunch (FRL) | ||||||||||||
| No | REF | – | – | REF | – | – | REF | – | – | REF | – | – |
| Yes | 0.37 | (−1.08, 1.81) | 0.619 | 2.89 | (−0.12, 5.89) | 0.06 | 0.01 | (−0.04, 0.06) | 0.604 | −0.04 | (−0.13, 0.06) | 0.446 |
| Race/ethnicity*FRL | ||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White; No FRL | REF | – | – | REF | – | – | ||||||
| Hispanic; Yes FRL | −3.78 | (−7.21, −0.35) | 0.031 | 0.04 | (−0.07, 0.15) | 0.451 | ||||||
| Black; Yes FRL | 2.09 | (−3.15, 7.34) | 0.434 | 0.1 | (−0.07, 0.27) | 0.249 | ||||||
| Parent education | ||||||||||||
| College graduate | REF | – | – | REF | – | – | REF | – | – | REF | – | – |
| Some college/vocational school | 1.57 | (−0.28, 3.42) | 0.095 | 1.36 | (−0.58, 3.30) | 0.168 | −0.02 | (−0.08, 0.04) | 0.43 | −0.03 | (−0.09, 0.03) | 0.363 |
| High school grad/GED | 2.75 | (0.79, 4.72) | 0.006 | 2.09 | (0.015, 4.17) | 0.048 | 0.001 | (−0.06, 0.07) | 0.967 | −0.01 | (−0.07, 0.06) | 0.865 |
| Some high school | 4.48 | (2.08, 6.89) | <0.001 | 4.00 | (1.50, 6.51) | 0.002 | 0.12 | (0.03, 0.20) | 0.007 | 0.11 | (0.02, 0.19) | 0.017 |
| Finished 8th grade | 5.64 | (3.25, 8.03) | <0.001 | 5.42 | (2.95, 7.88) | <0.001 | 0.03 | (−0.07, 0.14) | 0.509 | 0.04 | (−0.07, 0.14) | 0.498 |
| Less than 8th grade | 4.46 | (2.22, 6.71) | <0.001 | 4.29 | (1.97, 6.62) | <0.001 | 0.04 | (−0.04, 0.11) | 0.345 | 0.04 | (−0.04, 0.12) | 0.276 |
| BMI category | ||||||||||||
| Underweight/normal | REF | – | – | REF | – | – | REF | – | – | REF | – | – |
| Overweight | 1.02 | (−0.58, 2.61) | 0.21 | 1.094 | (−0.56, 2.75) | 0.195 | 0.05 | (−0.01, 0.10) | 0.098 | 0.05 | (−0.01, 0.10) | 0.106 |
| Obesity | 0.14 | (−1.21, 1.49) | 0.841 | 0.21 | (−1.17, 1.59) | 0.768 | 0.09 | (0.05, 0.14) | <0.001 | 0.10 | (0.05, 0.15) | <0.001 |
| Model fit | p-value: <0.001; R-squared: 0.079 | p-value: <0.001; R-squared: 0.110 | p-value: <0.001; R-squared: 0.110 | p-value: <0.001; R-squared: 0.117 | ||||||||
aModel 2 contains a subset of study participants excluding those who indicated race/ethnicity as “other” and modeling potential interaction of race/ethnicity and FRL status.