Table 1.

Exclusion criteria for robotic surgery

Severe pleural adhesions (previous right thoracotomy, thoracic trauma, pleuritis)

Severe pulmonary dysfunction

LV dysfunction

Pulmonary artery pressure > 70 mm Hg or severe RV dysfunction

LV dysfunction

Femoral artery diameter < 7 mm

Severe peripheral vascular disease

Renal disease

Significant mitral annular calcification

Kyphoscoliosis and pectus excavatum

Morbid obesity

Greater than mild aortic regurgitation or significant aortic stenosis

Coronary artery disease—requiring CABG

LV left ventricle, RV right ventricle, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting