Table 3.
Baseline characteristics after matching
| Robot group (n = 186) | Sternotomy group (n = 372) | P value | Absolute SMD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.4 ± 8.8 | 61.2 ± 8.5 | 0.796 | 0.017 |
| Female | 121 (65.1%) | 252 (67.7%) | 0.525 | 0.056 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.6 ± 3.1 | 23.5 ± 3.3 | 0.731 | 0.042 |
| Hypertension | 31 (16.7%) | 64 (17.2%) | 0.873 | 0.036 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 21 (11.3%) | 51 (13.7%) | 0.422 | 0.076 |
| PAD | 3 (1.6%) | 9 (2.4%) | 0.757 | 0.064 |
| Renal disease | 5 (2.7%) | 12 (3.2%) | 0.728 | 0.083 |
| Chronic lung disease | 8 (4.3%) | 18 (4.8%) | 0.776 | 0.039 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 6 (3.2%) | 11 (3.0%) | 0.862 | 0.061 |
| NYHA class | 0.963 | 0.035 | ||
| I | 17 (9.1%) | 31 (8.3%) | ||
| II | 97 (52.2%) | 189 (50.8%) | ||
| III | 67 (36.0%) | 141 (37.9%) | ||
| IV | 5 (2.7%) | 11 (3.0%) | ||
| LVEF < 50% | 10 (5.4%) | 22 (5.9%) | 0.797 | 0.024 |
| LVEDD, mm | 45.7 ± 6.8 | 45.4 ± 6.6 | 0.617 | 0.057 |
| LA, mm | 48.3 ± 8.5 | 48.7 ± 8.9 | 0.612 | 0.044 |
| SPAP | 45.1 ± 13.8 | 45.0 ± 13.6 | 0.590 | 0.010 |
| CTR < 0.5 | 102 (54.8%) | 208 (55.9%) | 0.810 | 0.022 |
| Etiology | 0.909 | 0.054 | ||
| Rheumatic | 113 (60.8%) | 219 (58.9%) | ||
| Degenerative | 68 (36.6%) | 142 (38.2%) | ||
| Other | 5 (2.7%) | 11 (3.0%) | ||
| Concomitant surgery | ||||
| Tricuspid repair | 34 (18.3%) | 66 (17.7%) | 0.876 | 0.014 |
| Radiofrequency ablation | 38 (20.4%) | 74 (19.9%) | 0.881 | 0.013 |
| Thrombectomy | 18 (9.7%) | 40 (10.8) | 0.695 | 0.073 |
| STS PROM (%) | 4.8 ± 1.7 | 4.7 ± 1.8 | 0.529 | 0.003 |
SMD standardized mean difference, BMI body mass index, PAD peripheral arterial disease, NYHA New York Heart Association, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEDD left ventricular end–diastolic diameter, LA left atrium, SPAP systolic pulmonary artery pressure, CTR cardiothoracic ratio, STS Society of Thoracic Surgeons, PROM predicted risk of mortality