Table 5.

Perioperative outcomes after matching

	Robot group (n = 186)	Sternotomy group (n = 372)	P value
Bioprosthesis implantation	111 (59.7%)	208 (55.9%)	0.397
Operation time, min	237 ± 51	179 ± 39	< 0.001
CPB time, min	155 ± 42	106 ± 21	< 0.001
Cross-clamp time	98 ± 31	78 ± 18	< 0.001
ICU stay time, hour	27.3 ± 7.6	28.9 ± 7.9	0.023
Post-operative LOS, day	9.6 ± 3.3	10.4 ± 3.6	0.011
Intraoperative transfusion, units	1.1 ± 0.8	1.3 ± 0.7	0.003
Postoperative transfusion, units	2.3 ± 1.7	2.5 ± 1.6	0.173
Intraoperative blood loss, mL	435 ± 188	478 ± 191	0.012
Operative mortality	1 (0.5%)	5 (1.3%)	0.663
Reoperation	5 (2.7%)	14 (3.8%)	0.509
Wound infection	2 (1.1%)	6 (1.6%)	0.900
Permanent stroke	3 (1.6%)	8 (2.2%)	0.914
Permanent ventilation > 24 h	29 (15.6%)	49 (13.2%)	0.437
Renal failure	8 (4.3%)	14 (3.8%)	0.758
Permanent pacemaker implantation	4 (2.1%)	9 (2.4%)	0.921
Pneumonia	4 (2.2%)	5 (1.3%)	0.722
New onset atrial fibrillation	45 (24.2%)	97 (26.1%)	0.631
IABP	5 (2.7%)	11 (3.0%)	0.858
ECMO	2 (1.1%)	3 (0.8%)	0.874

CPB cardiopulmonary bypass, ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay, IABP intra-aortic balloon pump, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation