Table 3.
Descriptive statistics with mean value ± standard deviation (SD) and independent sample t test for pre-treatment comparisons of Ni–Ti leaf springs expander (Leaf Expander) groups and rapid maxillary expansion (RME)
| Leaf expander group | RME group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p value |
| Skeletal | |||||
| PNW (mm) | 28.03 | 2.53 | 26.97 | 2.11 | 0.13 |
| PABW (mm) | 57.72 | 3.05 | 56.19 | 3.61 | 0.18 |
| MW (mm) | 60.63 | 3.39 | 59.21 | 3.05 | 0.15 |
| MMW (mm) | 25.11 | 3.15 | 24.39 | 2.69 | 0.40 |
| PD (mm) | 12.52 | 1.86 | 13.7 | 2.34 | 0.06 |
| Dentoalveolar | |||||
| PAPW (mm) | 53.62 | 4.10 | 52.96 | 3.89 | 0.57 |
| UIMW (mm) | 44.49 | 3.35 | 43.87 | 3.72 | 0.58 |
| USIMW (mm) | 45.44 | 2.91 | 45.10 | 2.38 | 0.66 |
| LIMW (mm) | 43.05 | 2.54 | 42.81 | 2.91 | 0.76 |
| UICW (mm) | 29.22 | 2.08 | 28.48 | 2.75 | 0.30 |
| LICW (mm) | 24.85 | 1.83 | 23.97 | 1.39 | 0.07 |
| UMAA—Right (°) | 77.31 | 6.32 | 78.29 | 7.21 | 0.62 |
| UMAA—Left (°) | 76.21 | 6.20 | 75.53 | 7.13 | 0.73 |
| UAP (mm) | 95.71 | 6.23 | 93.94 | 5.45 | 0.31 |
| LAP (mm) | 93.10 | 5.18 | 92.34 | 5.71 | 0.64 |
| UCI (°)* | 109.28 | 8.23 | 111.01 | 10.41 | 0.53 |
| Periodontal (Buccal alveolar bone) | |||||
| BABT-Right (mm) | 2.41 | 0.39 | 2.34 | 0.51 | 0.08 |
| BABT-Left (mm) | 2.24 | 0.45 | 1.99 | 0.56 | 0.32 |
| BABH-Right (mm) | 7.29 | 0.71 | 6.95 | 0.57 | 0.08 |
| BABH-Left (mm) | 7.66 | 0.65 | 7.43 | 0.69 | 0.25 |
*Italicized values signify significant difference between groups (p value < 0.05)
#Mean value between right and left side