Table 5.
Descriptive statistics with mean value ± Standard deviation (SD) and independent student’ t-test. Comparison of the changes occurred after Ni–Ti leaf springs expander (leaf) and rapid maxillary expansion (RME)
| Leaf group | RME group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Δ (T2–T1) | Δ (T2–T1) | Significance | ||||
| Variables | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p value | |
| Skeletal | ||||||
| PNW (mm) | 1.22 | 1.19 | 2.14 | 1.41 | 0.03* | |
| PABW (mm) | 1.83 | 2.55 | 2.60 | 2.14 | 0.25 | |
| MW (mm) | 2.17 | 1.44 | 2.99 | 3.35 | 0.28 | |
| MMW (mm) | 1.73 | 1.44 | 2.81 | 1.72 | 0.02* | |
| PD (mm) | −0.52 | 1.88 | −1.09 | 2.1 | 0.41 | |
| Dentoalveolar | ||||||
| PAPW (mm) | 3.36 | 1.88 | 4.07 | 1.27 | 0.14 | |
| UIMW (mm) | 3.43 | 2.17 | 4.11 | 2.43 | 0.84 | |
| USIMW (mm) | 1.41 | 1.16 | 2.30 | 1.68 | 0.37 | |
| LIMW (mm) | 1.69 | 1.07 | 2.14 | 0.87 | 0.62 | |
| UICW (mm) | 5.40 | 1.34 | 5.81 | 1.60 | 0.13 | |
| LICW (mm) | 0.16 | 0.72 | 0.25 | 0.97 | 0.72 | |
| UMAA—Right (°) | −1.50 | 5.6 | −4.90 | 8.4 | 0.11 | |
| UMAA—Left (°) | −2.21 | 5.30 | −1.72 | 5.50 | 0.49 | |
| UAP (mm) | 5.21 | 3.72 | 6.49 | 2.60 | 0.21 | |
| LAP (mm) | 0.34 | 2.64 | 0.65 | 2.20 | 0.34 | |
| UCI (°) # | −2.62 | 4.93 | −2.64 | 10.34 | 0.11 | |
| Periodontal (buccal alveolar bone) | ||||||
| BABT-Right (mm) | −0.23 | 0.19 | −0.16 | 0.16 | 0.25 | |
| BABT-Left (mm) | −0.14 | 0.20 | −0.13 | 0.12 | 0.41 | |
| BABH-Right (mm) | 0.50 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.28 | 0.22 | |
| BABH-Left (mm) | 0.42 | 0.21 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.67 | |
*Italicized values signify significant difference between T1 and T2 (p value < 0.05)
ΔDifference between T1 and T2
#Mean value between right and left side