Table 3.
Effect sizes & number of responders at 3-month follow-up for primary, secondary, and exploratory outcomes
| Outcome | Mean (std dev) | Effects at 3-month follow-up | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 3-months1 | Mean diff,2 std error (95% CI) | SRM3 | Responders4 | ||
| Co-Primary | Loneliness (UCLA) | 49.57 (9.87) | 44.44 (10.01) | 4.32, std 1.37 (1.49 – 7.15) | 0.63 | 15 (60%) |
| Co-Primary | Satisfaction with relationships | 39.99 (4.97) | 44.92 (6.75) | 4.70, std 1.67 (1.26 – 8.15) | 0.56 | 12 (48%) |
| Secondary | Perceived isolation (PROMIS) | 54.62 (5.95) | 50.74 (6.10) | 3.68, std 1.10 (1.59 – 6.14) | 0.70 | 18 (72%) |
| Exploratory | Emotional support (PROMIS) | 46.21 (7.86) | 47.50 (6.29) | 1.20, std 1.21 (1.31 – 3.70) | 0.20 | 7 (28%) |
| Exploratory | Instrumental support (PROMIS) | 45.62 (6.95) | 47.37 (7.53) | 1.07, std 0.71 (0.40 -– 2.54) | 0.30 | 13 (52%) |
| Exploratory | Caregiving strain (MCSI) | 16.60 (4.55) | 11.88 (6.40) | 8.34, std 1.67 (1.26 – 8.15) | 0.83 | 17 (71%) |
| Exploratory | Quality of life (WHOQOL) | 55.20 (9.59) | 65.45 (13.46) | 9.18, std 2.00 (5.04 – 13.32) | 0.92 | 20 (80%) |
| Exploratory | Depression | 55.30 (6.31) | 53.56 (6.53) | 1.37, std 1.05 (−.80 – 3.54) | 0.26 | 12 (48%) |
| Exploratory | Anxiety | 57.43 (6.92) | 57.20 (4.51) | 0.51, std 1.10 (−2.79 – 1.77) | 0.09 | 9 (36%) |
Notes:
At 3-months, 5 subjects did not complete assessments.
Mean differences are calculated using baseline scores for those without missing data at 3-months, which differ slightly from baseline values depicted in this table.
SRM is the standardized response mean, an effect size that represents the ratio of the mean change to the standard deviation of that change. Greater SRM values indicate greater improvement for the variable in question because change from baseline to follow-up was calculated as base – 3-month for loneliness, perceived isolation, strain, depression, anxiety, but 3-month – base for social functioning, emotional support, instrumental support, companionship to facilitate ease of interpretation.
Responders are those subjects who demonstrated an SRM of at least 0.3.