Table 2.
Comparison of Echocardiographic Variables Based on the Baseline Gradient Status
| No. | All patients (N=1742) | LG AS (n=486) | HG AS (n=1256) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LVEDV, mL | 1742 | 79 (64–101) | 77 (63–102) | 81 (64–101) | 0.601 |
| LVESV, mL | 1742 | 27 (20–39) | 27 (20–43) | 28 (20–38) | 0.325 |
| LVEF, % | 1742 | 64 (57–69) | 63 (52–68) | 64 (59–69) | <0.001 |
| LVEF <50% | 1742 | 227 (13) | 100 (21) | 127 (10) | <0.001 |
| LVSVi, mL/m2 | 1742 | 45 (37–55) | 41 (33–50) | 47 (39–56) | <0.001 |
| Low‐flow, n (%) | 1742 | 334 (19) | 143 (29) | 191 (15) | <0.001 |
| LVMI, g/m2 | 1742 | 118 (97–147) | 105 (84–128) | 124 (102–151) | <0.001 |
| LAD, mm | 1739 | 42 (38–47) | 43 (38–47) | 42 (38–47) | 0.564 |
| LAVi, mL/m2 | 1587 | 53 (41–67) | 52 (39–67) | 53 (41–66) | 0.083 |
| E/A | 1676 | 0.67 (0.55–0.84) | 0.68 (0.57–0.89) | 0.67 (0.54–0.83) | 0.008 |
| E/e′ | 1401 | 17.3 (13.1–22.6) | 16.0(12.2–21.7) | 17.7 (13.5–23.2) | <0.001 |
| AV V max, m/s | 1742 | 4.49 (4.07–5.04) | 3.74 (3.36–4.00) | 4.77 (4.40–5.24) | <0.001 |
| AV mean PG, mm Hg | 1742 | 48 (38–61) | 31 (26–36) | 54 (46–67) | <0.001 |
| AVA, cm2 | 1742 | 0.63 (0.51–0.75) | 0.72 (0.61–0.83) | 0.59 (0.48–0.71) | <0.001 |
| AVAi, cm2/m2 | 1742 | 0.43 (0.35–0.51) | 0.49 (0.42–0.58) | 0.41 (0.33–0.49) | <0.001 |
| TR velocity, m/s | 1607 | 2.55 (2.29–2.86) | 2.51 (2.27–2.83) | 2.55 (2.30–2.87) | 0.090 |
| TAPSE, mm | 574 | 19 (16–22) | 18 (15–22) | 19 (17–22) | 0.014 |
| S′, cm/s | 349 | 11 (9–13) | 10 (8–12) | 11 (9–13) | 0.119 |
| FAC, % | 258 | 43 (38–49) | 41 (36–46) | 44 (40–50) | 0.004 |
| LV GLS, % | 993 | 12.1 (9.0–15.0) | 12.0 (7.8–15.8) | 12.2 (9.0–15.0) | 0.763 |
| AR≥moderate, n (%) | 1742 | 220 (13) | 60 (12) | 160 (13) | 0.825 |
| MR≥moderate, n (%) | 1742 | 203 (12) | 78 (16) | 125 (10) | <0.001 |
| TR≥moderate, n (%) | 1742 | 173 (10) | 62 (13) | 111 (9) | 0.014 |
Continuous variables are expressed as median (interquartile range). AR indicates aortic regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis; AV, aortic valve; AVA, aortic valve area; AVAi, aortic valve area index; FAC, fractional area change; GLS, global longitudinal strain; HG, high‐gradient; LAD, left atrial dimension; LAVi, left atrial volume index; LG, low‐gradient; LV, left ventricular; LVEDV, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end‐systolic volume; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; LVSVi, left ventricular stroke volume index; MR, mitral regurgitation; PG, pressure gradient; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; and V max, peak aortic valve velocity.