Table 2.
aORs (95% CIs) for Early Pregnancy BPT Groups Associated With Early‐Onset Preeclampsia, Later‐Onset Preeclampsia, and Gestational Hypertension Versus No HDP
| aOR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Early‐onset preeclampsia (<34 wk) | Later‐onset preeclampsia (≥34 wk) | Gestational hypertension |
| Early pregnancy BPT groups | |||
| Elevated stable | 12.49 (6.49–24.05) | 8.88 (7.35–10.73) | 26.31 (20.12–34.40) |
| Moderate stable | 6.37 (3.36–12.06) | 5.14 (4.28–6.16) | 12.36 (9.49–16.10) |
| Low increasing | 4.04 (2.11–7.71) | 3.07 (2.55–3.70) | 5.80 (4.44–7.58) |
| Moderate‐fast decline | 2.33 (1.16–4.69) | 2.81 (2.32–3.42) | 5.03 (3.82–6.63) |
| Low declining | 1.87 (0.97–3.59) | 1.78 (1.48–2.15) | 2.49 (1.90–3.27) |
| Ultra‐low declining | 1.0 (Referent) | 1.0 (Referent) | 1.0 (Referent) |
| Demographic, clinical risk factors | |||
| Age, y | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | 1.03 (1.02–1.03) |
| Parity | |||
| Nulliparous (no prior births) | 2.87 (2.38–3.46) | 3.46 (3.26–3.68) | 2.55 (2.41–2.70) |
| Parous (≥1 prior births) | 1.0 (Referent) | 1.0 (Referent) | 1.0 (Referent) |
| Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | 1.03 (1.02–1.03) | 1.04 (1.036–1.044) |
| Diabetes status | |||
| Pregestational | 4.42 (2.85–6.85) | 2.70 (2.24–3.25) | 1.29 (1.01–1.64) |
| None | 1.0 (Referent) | 1.0 (Referent) | 1.0 (Referent) |
| Racial or ethnic group | |||
| Asian | 1.56 (1.27–1.93) | 1.21 (1.13–1.29) | 0.93 (0.87–0.99) |
| Black | 2.17 (1.67–2.81) | 1.40 (1.28–1.54) | 0.89 (0.81–0.98) |
| Hispanic | 1.48 (1.21–1.82) | 1.40 (1.32–1.49) | 0.78 (0.73–0.83) |
| Mixed/Native/unknown | 1.15 (0.76–1.72) | 1.20 (1.06–1.35) | 0.97 (0.86–1.08) |
| White | 1.0 (Referent) | 1.0 (Referent) | 1.0 (Referent) |
| Social factors | |||
| Neighborhood deprivation index | |||
| ≤−1 (Least deprived) | 1.0 (Referent) | 1.0 (Referent) | 1.0 (Referent) |
| >−1 and ≤ 0 | 1.06 (0.82–1.38) | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) | 0.95 (0.88–1.03) |
| >0 and ≤1 | 1.10 (0.83–1.47) | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 0.92 (0.85–1.01) |
| >1 (Most deprived) | 1.16 (0.83–1.61) | 1.10 (1.00–1.22) | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) |
| Government health insurance | |||
| Yes | 0.98 (0.72–1.34) | 1.20 (1.09–1.31) | 1.20 (1.10–1.32) |
| No | 1.0 (Referent) | 1.0 (Referent) | 1.0 (Referent) |
| Lifestyle behaviors | |||
| Smoking (cigarette) habit | |||
| Current | 0.97 (0.70–1.34) | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 1.10 (1.00–1.21) |
| Former | 0.89 (0.70–1.14) | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | 1.12 (1.05–1.20) |
| Unknown | 0.54 (0.13–2.17) | 1.14 (0.84–1.55) | 1.26 (0.93–1.70) |
| Never | 1.0 (Referent) | 1.0 (Referent) | 1.0 (Referent) |
| Rate of gestational weight gain up to 20 wk GA, kg/wk | 1.39 (1.03–1.88) | 1.17 (1.06–1.29) | 1.35 (1.23–1.48) |
Model development data set (70%); N=174 925 women with 1 singleton gestation with live or still birth among low‐to‐moderate risk women (2009–2019). Early‐onset preeclampsia defined as diagnosis <34 weeks’ gestational age; later‐onset preeclampsia defined as diagnosis ≥34 weeks’ gestational age. All aORs (95% CIs) from multivariable and multinomial logistic regression models based on model development data set. Model sample size is N=173 390 because n=1535 women are missing prepregnancy BMI, neighborhood deprivation index, or rate of gestational weight gain up to 20 weeks’ GA. aOR indicates adjusted odds ratio; BMI, body mass index; BPT, blood pressure trajectory; GA, gestational age; and HDP, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.