Figure 2.

Endosomal escape and budding‐like cellular exit of Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ot). (a) Ot escapes from late endosomes. T4SS, type IV secretion system. Question marks indicate steps with hypothetical interactions and mechanisms. (b) Cholesterol‐rich lipid rafts (yellow) and the bacterial protein TSA47 (red) are involved in the budding‐like exit of Ot. The lipid and protein composition of the acquired membrane layer are so far unknown. The large inset depicts two hypothetical mechanisms of the budding process, involving the cellular ESCRT machinery (I) or facilitation by bacterial outer membrane proteins (II). EEA1, early endosome antigen 1; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport; LAMP2, lysosome‐associated membrane protein 2; TSA47, type‐specific antigen 47.