Table 5.
Comparing changes in outcomes from baseline to immediate after treatment and 1- and 3-month follow-ups
| TPS group | Sham TPS | Post hoc | ES | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | P | d |
| T2–T1 | ||||
| CAR | −7.38 (5.44) | −1.94 (6.65) | 0.03* | −0.9 |
| Stroop test 2 reaction time | −4.17 (7.03) | −2.97 (3.90) | 0.94 | −0.21 |
| TMT2 | −7.81 (11.57) | −0.55 (4.90) | 0.44 | −0.82 |
| TMT3 | −22.21 (36.43) | −8.96 (10.85) | >0.99 | −0.49 |
| CGI (severity) | −1.38 (1.63) | −0.31 (0.87) | 0.10 | −0.81 |
| CGI (improvement) | −2.12 (0.62) | −0.06 (0.25) | <0.001*** | −4.37 |
| CGI total | −3.81 (3.41) | −0.31 (5.86) | 0.004** | −0.73 |
| T3–T1 | ||||
| CARS | −7.38 (7.76) | −1.19 (7.17) | 0.047* | −0.83 |
| Stroop test 2 reaction time | −6.58 (10.67) | −3.13 (2.78) | 0.56 | −0.44 |
| TMT2 | −8.33 (13.71) | −3.18 (5.00) | 0.87 | −0.5 |
| TMT3 | −28.81 (45.79) | −13.36 (11.19) | >0.99 | −0.46 |
| CGI (severity) | −1.88 (1.36) | −0.81 (0.91) | 0.10 | −0.92 |
| CGI (improvement) | −2.19 (0.75) | 0.00 (0.00) | <0.001*** | −4.12 |
| CGI total | −5.62 (3.28) | −2.31 (3.94) | 0.003** | −0.91 |
| T4–T1 | ||||
| CARS | −7.25 (5.45) | −2.06 (5.50) | 0.049* | −0.95 |
| Stroop test 2 reaction time | −8.02 (10.66) | −4.49 (2.81) | 0.77 | −0.45 |
| TMT2 | −10.41 (13.48) | −3.80 (4.42) | 0.58 | −0.66 |
| TMT3 | −32.10 (46.57) | −14.22 (10.42) | >0.99 | −0.53 |
| CGI (severity) | −1.50 (1.21) | −0.44 (1.15) | 0.10 | −0.9 |
| CGI (improvement) | −2.00 (1.03) | −0.12 (0.50) | <0.001*** | −2.31 |
| CGI total | −5.00 (3.79) | −2.06 (4.27) | 0.004** | −0.73 |
Time point: T1, baseline; T2, immediate after treatment; T3, 1 month after treatment; T4, 3 months after treatment.
CARS, Childhood Autism Rating Scale; CGI, clinical global impression; ES, effect size; SD, standard deviation; TMT, Trail Making Tests 2 and 3; TPS, transcranial pulse stimulation.
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.