Table 1.
Epidemiological characteristics of CPE outbreaks in healthcare settings as reported to the KDCA from June 2017–September 2022
| Characteristic | Total (n=168) | 2017 (Jun.–Dec.) (n=3) | 2018 (n=35) | 2019 (n=28) | 2020 (n=15) | 2021 (n=37) | 2022 (Jan.–Sep.) (n=50) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isolated species | |||||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 143 (85.1) | 1 (33.3) | 28 (80.0) | 21 (75.0) | 13 (86.7) | 35 (94.6) | 45 (90.0) |
| Escherichia coli | 51 (30.4) | 2 (66.7) | 7 (20.0) | 10 (35.7) | 2 (13.3) | 16 (43.2) | 14 (28.0) |
| Enterobacter spp. | 14 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (5.7) | 2 (7.1) | 1 (6.7) | 4 (10.8) | 5 (10.0) |
| Citrobacter spp. | 14 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.9) | 2 (7.1) | 2 (13.3) | 4 (10.8) | 5 (10.0) |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 6 (3.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.6) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (2.7) | 3 (6.0) |
| Other Enterobacteriaceae spp. | 7 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (5.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (5.4) | 3 (6.0) |
| Carbapenemase genotype | |||||||
| KPC | 139 (82.7) | 1 (33.3) | 27 (77.1) | 19 (67.9) | 11 (73.3) | 35 (94.6) | 46 (92.0) |
| NDM | 47 (28.0) | 1 (33.3) | 7 (20.0) | 8 (28.6) | 4 (26.7) | 10 (27.0) | 17 (34.0) |
| OXA | 17 (10.1) | 2 (66.7) | 3 (8.6) | 4 (14.3) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (2.7) | 6 (12.0) |
| GES | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (5.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Healthcare facility type | |||||||
| Tertiary general hospital | 27 (16.1) | 1 (33.3) | 11 (31.4) | 6 (21.4) | 2 (13.3) | 5 (13.5) | 2 (4.0) |
| General hospital | 92 (54.8) | 1 (33.3) | 19 (54.3) | 13 (46.4) | 6 (40.0) | 20 (54.1) | 33 (66.0) |
| Hospital | 19 (11.3) | 1 (33.3) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (3.6) | 4 (26.7) | 4 (10.8) | 8 (16.0) |
| Intermediate care hospital | 30 (17.9) | 0 (0) | 4 (11.4) | 8 (28.6) | 3 (20.0) | 8 (21.6) | 7 (14.0) |
| Outbreak location | |||||||
| ICU | 74 (44.0) | 1 (33.3) | 20 (57.1) | 12 (42.9) | 9 (60.0) | 15 (40.5) | 17 (34.0) |
| General ward | 58 (34.5) | 1 (33.3) | 11 (31.4) | 13 (46.4) | 6 (40.0) | 14 (37.8) | 13 (26.0) |
| Botha) | 36 (21.4) | 1 (33.3) | 4 (11.4) | 3 (10.7) | 0 (0) | 8 (21.6) | 20 (40.0) |
| Outbreak duration (d) | 61.0 (26.8–121.0) | 62.0 (52.5–62.5) | 49.0 (22.0–77.5) | 35.0 (19.5–80.0) | 84.0 (23.0–154.0) | 60.0 (34.0–121.0) | 83.0 (29.5–162.2) |
| Patients related to each outbreak (n) | 6.0 (3.0–11.0) | 7.0 (4.5–13.5) | 6.0 (4.0–8.0) | 4.0 (2.8–6.0) | 5.0 (3.5–10.5) | 6.0 (3.0–11.0) | 7.0 (4.3–18.0) |
Data are presented as the no. of outbreaks (%) (multiple selection available) or median (interquartile range).
CPE, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae; KDCA, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency; KPC, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase; NDM, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase; OXA, oxacillinase; GES, Guiana extended-spectrum β-lactamase; ICU, intensive care unit.
a)
Outbreaks occurred simultaneously in ICUs and general wards.