Table 2.
Frequency of interventions recommended to control CPE outbreaks in healthcare settings based on epidemiological investigations, as reported to the KDCA from June 2017–September 2022
| Characteristic | Total (n=168) | Tertiary general hospital (n=27) | General hospital (n=92) | Hospital (n=19) | Intermediate care hospital (n=30) | p a) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of recommended interventions | ||||||
| Education of employees, including caregivers | 64 (38.1) | 12 (44.4) | 34 (37.0) | 10 (52.6) | 8 (26.7) | 0.28 |
| Active surveillance of high-risk groups | 55 (32.7) | 11 (40.7) | 34 (37.0) | 3 (15.8) | 7 (23.3) | 0.17 |
| Contact precautions | 53 (31.5) | 11 (40.7) | 27 (29.3) | 7 (36.8) | 8 (26.7) | 0.60 |
| Environmental cleaning | 51 (30.4) | 5 (18.5) | 23 (25.0) | 13 (68.4) | 10 (33.3) | <0.01 |
| Screening contacts of patients with CRE | 49 (29.2) | 5 (18.5) | 30 (32.6) | 7 (36.8) | 7 (23.3) | 0.40 |
| Patient isolation or cohorting | 40 (23.8) | 9 (33.3) | 16 (17.4) | 3 (15.8) | 12 (40.0) | 0.04 |
| Support for staff and infrastructure | 22 (13.1) | 2 (7.4) | 12 (13.0) | 4 (21.1) | 4 (13.3) | 0.60 |
| Surveillance of environmental cultures | 20 (11.9) | 2 (7.4) | 10 (10.9) | 0 (0) | 8 (26.7) | 0.03 |
| On-site monitoring | 15 (8.9) | 3 (11.1) | 6 (6.5) | 4 (21.1) | 2 (6.7) | 0.21 |
| Improvement of bed density | 13 (7.7) | 2 (7.4) | 7 (7.6) | 3 (15.8) | 1 (3.3) | 0.48 |
| Timely notification of CRE to KDCA | 6 (3.6) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 4 (13.3) | 0.02 |
| Antibiotic stewardship | 4 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 4 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.67 |
| No. of intervention types recommended for each outbreak | ||||||
| 0 (None of the above) | 22 (13.1) | 3 (11.1) | 15 (16.3) | 1 (5.3) | 3 (10.0) | 0.63 |
| 1–2 | 70 (41.7) | 12 (44.4) | 39 (42.4) | 8 (42.1) | 11 (36.7) | 0.94 |
| 3–7 | 76 (45.2) | 12 (44.4) | 38 (41.3) | 10 (52.6) | 16 (53.3) | 0.61 |
Data are presented as the no. of outbreaks (%) (multiple selections available).
CPE, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae; KDCA, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency; CRE, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
a)
Generated using the Fisher exact test.