Table 2.

Mean of TNF-α and Caspase-3 expression by groups and comparison between groups

Parameter	Groups	n	Mean±SD	Mean Rank	Kruskal-Wallis Test value	Multiple comparisons for groups (p<0.05)
TNF-α expression	(1) Control	10	0.70±0.67	11.80	27.390 p=0.01	(3)(4)
	(2) Carvedilol	10	0.80±0.79	12.80		(3)
	(3) Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R)	10	3.70±0.48	35.20		(1)(2)(4)
	(4) I/R + Carvedilol	10	1.80±0.79	22.20		(1)(3)
Caspase-3 expression	(1) Control	10	1.00±0.67	14.00	24.569 p=0.01	(3)
	(2) Carvedilol	10	1.00±0.67	14.00		(3)
	(3) Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R)	10	3.40±0.70	35.10		(1)(2)(4)
	(4) I/R + Carvedilol	10	1.40±0.52	18.90		(3)

TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; SD: Standard deviation.