Table 2.
Natural medicines that regulate the formation of PMN.
| No | Mechanism | Natural medicines | Related exosomes | Function | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Inhibition of exosome release | Shikonin | miR-628-3p | inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis | (50) |
| Shikonin | miR-128 | inhibits cell proliferation | (51) | ||
| Halofuginone | miR-31 | regulates the level of cell cycle | (52) | ||
| Jinfu Kang preparation (multiple natural medicines) |
EGF | inhibits the metastasis | (53) | ||
| 2 | Inflammatory formation | ART | HK-2-derived exosomes | NF-κB/NLRP3 | (56) |
| Zhen Wu Tang (multiple natural medicines) |
HK-2-derived exosomes | NF-κB/NLRP3 | (57) | ||
| kaempferol | VPS4A | HSP 90-α/HSP 90-β/UBA1 | (58) | ||
| Tongxinluo capsules (multiple natural medicines) |
total exosomes from glomerular mesangial cells | TGF-β1 | (59) | ||
| 3 | angiogenesis | Steroidal glycoalkaloids from Solanum lyratum | A549-derived exosomes | Lipid raft | (60) |
| 4 | Bone marrow-derived cell domestication and recruitment | ginsenoside Rg1 | miR-21 | macrophages | (61) |
| DHZCP (multiple natural medicines) |
CCL2 | M2 TAM | (62) | ||
| CMPB90-1 | TLR2 | M1 TAM | (63) | ||
| 5 | others | Shikonin | PKM2 | inhibits glycolysis | (64) |
| Jianshu Huayu Fang (multiple natural medicines) |
miR-23a-3p | EMT | (65) |