Table 2.
Characteristics of patients and tumors in the entire dataset and the training and validation sets.
| Patient and tumour characteristics | Entire set | Training set | Validation set | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 108) | (n = 72) | (n = 36) | |||
| Sex | Male | 52 (48%) | 35 (49%) | 17 (47%) | 0.946 |
| Female | 56 (52%) | 37 (51%) | 19 (53%) | ||
| Age (years) | mean±SD | 63.5 ± 14.3 | 64.0 ± 13.9 | 62.40 ± 15.3 | 0.672 |
| T-stage | T1 | 17 (16%) | 10 (14%) | 7 (19%) | |
| T2 | 33 (31%) | 22 (31%) | 11 (31%) | 0.738 | |
| T3 | 58 (54%) | 40 (56%) | 18 (50%) | ||
| N-stage | N0 | 65 (60%) | 44 (61%) | 21 (58%) | |
| N1 | 10 (9%) | 6 (8%) | 4 (11%) | 0.973 | |
| N2 | 18 (17%) | 12 (17%) | 6(17%) | ||
| N3 | 15 (14%) | 10 (14%) | 5 (14%) | ||
| Infiltration pattern | expansive | 31 (29%) | 20 (28%) | 11 (31%) | |
| infiltrative | 49 (45%) | 32 (44%) | 17 (47%) | 0.822 | |
| mixed | 28 (26%) | 20 (28%) | 8 (22%) | ||
| Grade | G1 | 5 (5%) | 4 (6%) | 1 (3%) | |
| G2 | 58 (54%) | 36 (50%) | 22 (61%) | 0.509 | |
| G3 | 45 (42%) | 32 (44%) | 13 (36%) | ||
| Pathological dimension (mm) | median [95% CI] | 25 [20, 25.6] |
25 [20.3, 29.3] |
20 [16.7, 30] |
0.408 |
| Pathological DOI (mm) | median [95% CI] | 12 [9], [12] |
12 [8, 14.7] |
10.5 [8], [13] |
0.674 |
| MRI-based dimension (mm) | median [95% CI] | 30 [25.4, 34.1] |
29.5 [25], [35] |
30 [20.5, 35.1] |
0.573 |
| MRI-based DOI (mm) | median [95% CI] | 25.0 [20.0,25.6] |
12.5 [9.7, 14.7] |
11 [8.9, 14.8] |
0.845 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval, DOI, depth of invasion; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging