Table 3.
Clinical and laboratory features at initial presentation with respect to hospitalisation outcomes in patients with TTS.
| Variable | All N = 170 | Alive N = 161 | Died N = 9a | Univariate OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age median [IQR] | 66 [55–74] | 66 [56–75] | 53 [48–60] | 0.96 (0.93–1.00) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 89 (52%) | 86 (53%) | 3 (33%) | |
| Female | 81 (48%) | 75 (47%) | 6 (67%) | |
| Vaccine dose | ||||
| 1 | 147 (86%) | 138 (86%) | 9 (100%) | |
| 2 | 23 (14%) | 23 (14%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Time from vaccination to presentation, median [IQR] | 16 [11–27] | 16 [11–28] | 11 [9–13] | 0.94 (0.86–1.02) |
| CVST or splanchnic | 51 (30%) | 45 (28%) | 6 (67%) | 5.16 (1.23–21.5) |
| Haemorrhage at presentation | 23 (15%) | 17 (12%) | 6 (67%) | 14.82 (3.39–64.83) |
| Investigation | ||||
| Platelets—initial, median [IQR] | 104 [57–138] | 106 [62–139] | 44 [28–127] | 1.82 (1.09–3.07)b |
| Platelets—nadir, median [IQR] | 83 [40–120] | 85 [41–121] | 37 [15–43] | 2.30 (1.34–3.95)b |
| D-dimer (mg/L FEU), median [IQR] | 16 [7–21] | 15 [7–21] | 20 [18–23] | |
| Fibrinogen, median [IQR] | 3.00 [2.00–4.00] | 3.00 [2.02–4.00] | 2.80 [1.09–3.40] | |
| OD reading, median [IQR] | 1.21 [0.46–2.18] | 1.21 [0.41–2.19] | 1.44 [0.77–2.09] | |
| Level of care | ||||
| Hospital length of stay, median [IQR] | 6 [3–13] | 7 [4–13] | 2 [2–4] | |
| ICU admission | 67 (39%) | 59 (37%) | 8 (89%) | |
| Surgical intervention | 28 (16%) | 23 (14%) | 5 (56%) | |
| Inpatient treatment | ||||
| Anticoagulation | 168 (99%) | 161 (100%) | 7 (78%) | |
| Blood products | ||||
| IVIG | 113 (66%) | 106 (66%) | 7 (78%) | |
| Platelet | 7 (4.1%) | 7 (4.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
| FFP | 3 (1.8%) | 3 (1.9%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Cryoprecipitate | 9 (5.3%) | 8 (5.0%) | 1 (11%) | |
| PRBC | 9 (5.3%) | 9 (5.6%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Plasmapheresis | 3 (1.8%) | 2 (1.2%) | 1 (11%) | |
| Thrombolysis | 10 (5.9%) | 9 (5.6%) | 1 (11%) | |
| Steroids | 35 (21%) | 31 (19%) | 4 (44%) | |
| Inpatient complications | ||||
| Haemorrhage | 22 (13%) | 18 (11%) | 4 (44%) | 6.36 (1.56–25.86) |
| Further thromboses | 13 (7.6%) | 12 (7.5%) | 1 (11%) |
This includes the 8 deaths assessed by the Therapeutic Goods Administration as being related to TTS, and one additional case where information from the coroner indicates that the death was caused by other health conditions and was not related to TTS. This case is included here as a death as the patient was not discharged as they died during their admission to hospital with probable TTS.
For every 50% decrease in platelet count; IQR = interquartile range, CI = confidence interval, FEU = fibrinogen equivalent units, OD = optical density, ICU = intensive care unit, IVIg = intravenous immunoglobulin, FFP = fresh frozen plasma, PRBC = packed red blood cells.