Table 2.

List of barriers and solutions to lung cancer care and treatment.

Clinical Barriers: Treatment: multiple appointments, procedures, and intensive and complex care. Coordination of care: lack of defined treatment process, designated care coordination, care coordinator, and communication.	Care Coordination: Patient is a pivotal team member. Designated care coordinator. Centralized care coordination. After visit summaries. Curbside consults for quick patient referrals. Quality Measures: Wait time intervals for consultative, diagnostic, and treatment services. Patient satisfaction and quality of life metrics. Institutional costs. Evaluation of current care models.
Community Barriers: Patient perception(s): mistrust, cultural and language barriers, fear, stigma, and denial. Patient experience(s): lack of sensitivity and communication skills among providers. Patient limitation(s): transportation, child care, employment, income, health literacy, education, socioeconomic barriers, and life-altering situations.	Social Support Services: Health literacy assessment. Patient specific social support. Caregiver support. Psychosocial screening. Survivorship plans. Community and Patient Education: Patient education: prevention and importance of lung cancer screening. Provider education: knowledge and readily available information on community support services.
Infrastructural Barriers: Insurance: coverage and benefits. Smoking: screening and smoking cessation programs. Health care system: lack of connection between hospitals, providers, and community resources.	Access Management: Patient navigation system. Information technology resources (virtual visits) Patient Follow-Up: Provider scripts. Closed loop communication. Information technology resources (mobile applications, patient registries, scheduling and reminder systems, and computerized decision support).