Low-dose LPS alleviates early brain injury after SAH. (A) Neurobehavioral deficits were evaluated by Garcia Neuroscore. (B) Brain water content was assessed by wet-dry weight method. (C) The histological changes and BBB permeability were measured by HE staining and EB permeability assay, respectively. (D) Damage in the hippocampus was assessed by Nissl staining. (E) Apoptosis of prefrontal cortical and hippocampal neurons was detected by TUNEL assay. Scale bar. (F) The secretion of cytokines was detected by ELISA assay. (G) The expression of IBA1 and M1/M2 markers were detected by IF with quantitative analysis. (H) The protein levels of SOD, Gpx, USP19, FOXO1, IL-10, IL-10R1 and MMP9 were determined by Western blot. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.