Table 1.
Clinical data overview
| Demographics |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups | NIC (n = 9) | IC (n = 9) | CIS (n = 9) | RRMS (n = 9) | p value |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 2 (22) | 5 (55) | 2 (22) | 3 (33) | |
| Female | 7 (78) | 4 (45) | 7 (78) | 6 (66) | |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 45.6 ± 14.3 | 43.4 ± 14.9 | 36.1 ± 11.9 | 39.2 ± 7.3 | ns |
| Lesions T2 (mean ± SD) | 3.11 ± 6.8 | 0.63 ± 1.8 | 12.0 ± 6.5 | 23.8 ± 21.1 | NIC vs. RRMS∗∗, IC vs. RRMS∗∗ |
| EDSS (mean ± SD) | ND (n = 2) | 0.7 ± 0.9 (n = 5) | 1.8 ± 0.5 (n = 9) | 2.0 ± 0.6 (n = 9) | IC vs. CIS∗, IC vs. RRMS∗ |
| Gadolinium (Gd) enhancing lesions (n (%)) | |||||
| Gd-positive | 0 (0) | 0 | 5 (55) | 7 (78) | |
| Gd-negative | 9 (100) | 8 (89) | 4 (45) | 2 (8) | |
| Not assessed | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Presence of IgG oligoclonal bands (OCB) (n (%)) | |||||
| OCB-positive | 4 (45) | 0 | 8 (89) | 9 (89) | |
| OCB-negative | 5 (55) | 9 (100) | 1 (11) | 0 (0) | |
| Not assessed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Index IgG (mean ± SD) | 0.47 ± 0.19 (n = 7) | 0.67 ± 0.12 (n = 9) | 1.12 ± 0.52 (n = 9) | 1.00 ± 0.64 (n = 7) | NIC vs. CIS∗ |
| Vitamin D (mean ± SD) | 24.1 ± 14.3 (n = 6) | 31.8 ± 13.7 (n = 7) | 20.8 ± 8.4 (n = 8) | 19.0 ± 7.1 (n = 9) | ns |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||||
| Yes/Ex | 4 (45) | 6 (66) | 6 (66) | 4 (45) | |
| No | 5 (55) | 3 (33) | 3 (33) | 5 (55) | |
Gd is used as a contrast agent to improve visualization of lesions during MRI. The Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) is a method used to quantify disability in multiple sclerosis. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. ns, not statistically significant; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01.
NIC, non-inflammatory control; IC, inflammatory control; CIS, clinically isolated syndrome; RRMS, relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis.