Table 3.
The role of extracellular vesicles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
| Source of EVs | Content with biomarker potential | Mouse and cell models for mechanistic studies | Downstream molecules | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSC-34 cells, astrocytes, and plasma | SOD1 | NA | NA | [142–144] |
| CSF and HEK-293 cells | TDP-43 | CamKIIa-hTDP43NLSm mice | NA | [139, 146, 147] |
| SH-SY5Y and N2A cells | FUS | NA | DHX9, Matrin-3, DDX3X, and Caprin-1 | [148] |
| NSC34 cells | DPR | NA | NA | [141] |
| CSF | miR-34a, miR-335, and miR-625-3p | Motor neurons | BCL2, IL6R, MAP3K7, PLCG1, PPARA, PRRC2B, CD47, CSNK2A1, HSPA8, and TRIAP1 | [149] |
| CSF | miR-124-3p | SOD1G93A mice | NA | [150] |
| CSF and Serum | miR-132-5p, miR-132-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-143-5p, and miR-574-5p | NA | TDP-43 | [151] |
| Serum | miR-27a-3p | NA | NA | [152] |
| Serum | miR-342-3p, miR-1254, miR-587, miR-298, miR-4443, and miR-450a-2-3p | iNeurons | NDST4 | [153] |
| Astrocytes | miR-155, miR-21, and miR-146a | SOD1G93A mice | Apoptosis, kinesin-1, nNOS, and synaptic-related genes | [154] |
NA No accessible data in the study; CSF Cerebrospinal fluid; iNeurons Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons; NSC-34 cells Mouse motor neuron-like hybrid cell line; HEK-293 cells Human embryonic kidney 293 cells