Table 1.
Univariate analysis with logistic regression for Blastocystis hominis infection in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus
| Variables | Subgroups | Total n (%) |
Blastocystis hominis negative N = 1184 n (%) |
Blastocystis hominis positive N = 61 n (%) |
Univariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wald χ2 | P value | OR (95% CIs) | |||||
| Age | < 60 years | 1104 (88.7) | 1051 (88.8) | 53 (86.9) | 0.204 | 0.651 | 1 (reference) |
| ≥ 60 years | 141 (11.3) | 133 (11.2) | 8 (13.1) | 1.193 (0.555–2.563) | |||
| BMI | Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 1143 (91.8) | 1084 (91.6) | 59 (96.7) | 1.593 | 0.451 | 1 (reference) |
| Low weight (< 18.5 kg/m2) | 94 (7.6) | 92 (7.8) | 2 (3.3) | 0.399 (0.096–1.661) | |||
| Over weight (≥ 25.0 kg/m2) | 8 (0.6) | 8 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | – | |||
| Family members | < 3 individuals | 382 (30.7) | 368 (31.1) | 14 (23.0) | 1.780 | 0.182 | 1 (reference) |
| ≥ 3 individuals | 863 (69.3) | 816 (68.9) | 47 (77.0) | 1.514 (0.823–2.785) | |||
| Gender | Male | 793 (63.7) | 756 (63.9) | 37 (60.7) | 0.256 | 0.613 | 1 (reference) |
| Female | 452 (36.3) | 428 (36.1) | 24 (39.3) | 1.146 (0.676–1.941) | |||
| Residence | Rural area | 939 (75.4) | 893 (75.4) | 46 (75.4) | 0.001 | 0.998 | 1 (reference) |
| Urban area | 306 (24.6) | 291 (24.6) | 15 (24.6) | 1.001 (0.551–1.819) | |||
| Region | Nanchang city | 411 (33.0) | 387 (32.7) | 24 (39.3) | 1.163 | 0.559 | 1 (reference) |
| Fuyang city | 479 (38.5) | 458 (38.7) | 21 (34.4) | 0.739 (0.405–1.349) | |||
| Tengchong city | 355 (28.5) | 339 (28.6) | 16 (22.2) | 0.761 (0.398–1.457) | |||
| Occupation | Student | 50 (4.0) | 48 (4.1) | 2 (3.3) | 3.731 | 0.292 | 1 (reference) |
| Farmer | 877 (70.4) | 835 (70.5) | 42 (68.9) | 1.207 (0.284–5.136) | |||
| Other occupation | 195 (15.7) | 181 (15.3) | 14 (23.0) | 1.856 (0.408–8.449) | |||
| Worker | 123 (9.9) | 120 (10.1) | 3 (4.9) | 0.600 (0.097–3.704) | |||
| Nationality | Han nationality | 1207 (96.9) | 1148 (97.0) | 59 (96.7) | 0.011 | 0.916 | 1 (reference) |
| Minority nationality | 38 (3.1) | 36 (3.0) | 2 (3.3) | 1.081 (0.254–4.598) | |||
| Marital status | Single | 320 (25.7) | 307 (25.9) | 13 (21.3) | 0.645 | 0.422 | 1 (reference) |
| Married | 925 (74.3) | 877 (74.1) | 48 (78.7) | 1.293 (0.691–2.418) | |||
| Educational level | High school or below | 1163 (93.4) | 1105 (93.3) | 58 (95.1) | 0.288 | 0.592 | 1 (reference) |
| University or above | 82 (6.6) | 79 (6.7) | 3 (4.9) | 0.723 (0.222–2.361) | |||
| Toilet type | Flush toilet | 860 (69.1) | 818 (69.1) | 42 (68.9) | 0.002 | 0.969 | 1 (reference) |
| Non-flush toilet | 385 (30.9) | 366 (30.9) | 19 (31.1) | 1.011 (0.580–1.762) | |||
| Water supply | Tap water | 760 (61.0) | 721 (60.9) | 39 (63.9) | 0.225 | 0.636 | 1 (reference) |
| Non tap water | 485 (39.0) | 463 (39.1) | 22 (36.1) | 0.878 (0.514–1.501) | |||
| Drinking water | Boiled water | 1199 (96.3) | 1140 (96.3) | 59 (96.7) | 0.031 | 0.861 | 1 (reference) |
| Non-boiled water | 46 (3.7) | 44 (3.7) | 2 (3.3) | 0.878 (0.208–3.711) | |||
| Livestock | No | 975 (78.3) | 930 (78.5) | 45 (73.8) | 0.775 | 0.379 | 1 (reference) |
| Yes | 270 (21.7) | 254 (21.5) | 16 (26.2) | 1.302 (0.724–2.342) | |||
| Pet | No | 1108 (89.0) | 1051 (88.8) | 57 (93.4) | 1.259 | 0.262 | 1 (reference) |
| Yes | 137 (11.0) | 133 (11.2) | 4 (6.6) | 0.555 (0.198–1.553) | |||
| Newly infection | No (≥ 2 years) | 1138 (91.4) | 1079 (91.1) | 59 (96.7) | 2.109 | 0.146 | 1 (reference) |
| Yes (< 2 years) | 107 (8.6) | 105 (8.9) | 2 (3.3) | 0.348 (0.084–1.446) | |||
| HIV infection route | Sexually transmission | 815 (65.5) | 778 (65.7) | 37 (60.7) | 0.685 | 0.710 | 1 (reference) |
| Transmission among injectors | 40 (3.2) | 38 (3.2) | 2 (3.3) | 1.107 (0.257–4.764) | |||
| Blood transmission | 390 (31.3) | 368 (31.1) | 22 (36.1) | 1.257 (0.731–2.162) | |||
| CD4+ T immunological status | No immunosuppression (> 500 cells/μl) | 628 (50.4) | 625 (52.8) | 3 (4.9) | 71.388 | < 0.001 | 1 (reference) |
| Mild immunosuppression (350–500 cells/μl) | 411 (33.0) | 396 (33.4) | 15 (24.6) | 7.891 (2.270–27.433) | |||
|
Moderate immunosuppression (200–350 cells/μl) |
104 (8.4) | 83 (7.0) | 21 (34.4) | 52.711 (15.389–180.552) | |||
|
Severe immunosuppression (≤ 200 cells/μl) |
102 (8.2) | 80 (6.8) | 22 (36.1) | 52.711 (15.389–180.552) | |||
| HIV virological status | Full virological suppression (< 50 copies/ml) | 972 (78.1) | 968 (81.8) | 4 (6.6) | 69.345 | < 0.001 | 1 (reference) |
| Low level viraemia (51–999 copies/ml) | 92 (7.4) | 80 (6.8) | 12 (19.7) | 36.300 (11.444–115.140) | |||
| Virological failure (> 1000 copies/ml) | 181 (14.5) | 136 (11.5) | 45 (73.8) | 80.074 (28.352–226.147) | |||
| Treatment interruption | No | 1114 (89.5) | 1087 (91.8) | 27 (44.3) | 90.201 | < 0.001 | 1 (reference) |
| Yes | 131 (10.5) | 97 (8.2) | 34 (55.7) | 14.111 (8.172–24.367) | |||
The “–” symbol indicates that data could not be calculated. BMI: Body mass index. CIs: Confidence intervals. HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus. OR: Odds ratio