Table 4.
Analysis of clinical and socio-demographic factors at baseline associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a matched 1:1 case-control sub-study (n=92).
| COVID+ (n=46) |
COVID– (n=46) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical factors | |||
| Type of IBD, n (%) | 0.783* | ||
| • CD | 26 (56.5) | 28 (60.9) | |
| • UC | 18 (39.1) | 15 (32.6) | |
| • IBD-unclassified | 2 (4.4) | 3 (6.5) | |
| Gender, n (%) | 1.00* | ||
| • Male | 30 (65.2) | 30 (65.2) | |
| • Female | 16 (34.8) | 16 (34.8) | |
| Age at baseline, mean (SD) | 42.7 (16.1) | 44.7 (17.0) | 0.577* |
| Disease duration, mean (SD) | 14.7 (9.6) | 12.4 (8.0) | 0.213 |
| Active smoking, n (%) | 81 (19.1) | 62 (14.3) | 0.209 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) • BMI > 30, n (%) |
25.6 (4.7) 8 (17.4) |
25.1 (4.9) 8 (17.4) |
0.639* 1.000 |
| Disease location in CD, n (%) | 0.074 | ||
| • Ileal (L1) | 3 (11.5) | 8 (28.6) | |
| • Colonic (L2) | 3 (11.5) | 7 (25.0) | |
| • Ileocolonic (L3) | 20 (76.9) | 13 (46.4) | |
| Disease location in UC, n (%) | 0.582 | ||
| • Proctitis (E1) | 1 (5.6) | 23 (14.3) | |
| • Left-sided colitis (E2) | 7 (38.9) | 43 (28.6) | |
| • Pancolitis (E3) | 10 (55.6) | 83 (57.1) | |
| Perianal disease in CD, n (%) | 11 (42.3) | 154 (55.6) | 0.335 |
| Disease behavior in CD, n (%) | 0.411 | ||
| • Inflammatory (B1) | 115 (45.8) | 176 (63.0) | |
| • Stricturing (B2) | 75 (29.2) | 46 (14.8) | |
| • Penetrating (B3) | 65 (25.0) | 66 (22.2) | |
| Biological therapy at baseline, n (%) | 0.440 | ||
| • Infliximab | 35 (77.1) | 38 (82.6) | |
| • Vedolizumab | 11 (23.9) | 8 (17.4) | |
| Combination therapy at baseline, n (%) | 9 (19.6) | 3 (6.5) | 0.063* |
| • Thiopurines | 7 (15.2) | 2 (4.4) | 0.158 |
| • Methotrexate | 2 (4.4) | 1 (2.2) | 1.000 |
| Corticosteroids at baseline, n (%) | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.2) | 1.000 |
| Clinical scores • Harvey Bradshaw index, mean (SD) |
1.17 (1.9) | 1.88 (3.1) | 0.321 |
| o < 4, n (%) o 4-12, n (%) o > 12, n (%) |
217 (84.0) 47 (16.0) 07 (0.0) |
198 (79.2) 48 (16.7) 18 (4.2) |
0.847 |
| • Mayo clinical sub-score, mean (SD) o < 2, n (%) o 2-5, n (%) o > 5, n (%) |
1.2 (1.8) 12 (66.7) 5 (27.8) 1 (5.6) |
0.69 (1.4) 129 (85.7) 29 (14.3) 09 (0.0) |
0.334 0.564 |
| C-reactive protein level, mean (SD) • > 5 mg/L, n (%) |
3.3 (6.1) 11 (23.9) |
2.010 (3.9) 810 (18.2) |
0.237 0.527 |
| Socio-demographic factors | |||
| Professional status, n (%) | 0.359 | ||
| • Inactive (unemployed, retired, or sick leave) | 24 (52.2) | 3011 (66.7) | |
| • Active | 22 (47.8) | 1511 (43.3) | |
| o Teleworking | 7 (15.2) | 611 (13.3) | |
| o Face-to-face | 15 (32.6) | 911 (20.0) | |
| Family home, mean (SD) | |||
| • Number of people living at home | 3.1 (1.8) | 2.512 (1.2) | 0.060 |
| o Number of people continuing their professional activities | 1.513 (1.5) | 1.214 (1.5) | 0.297 |
| • Number of children under 15 | 0.615 (0.9) | 0.616 (0.9) | 0.910 |
| Type of accommodation, n (%) | < 0.005 | ||
| • Single family house | 19 (41.3) | 3617 (80.0) | |
| • Flat | 27 (58.7) | 917 (20.0) | |
| Area of residence, n (%) | 0.021 | ||
| • City center | 1718 (37.8) | 1119 (24.4) | |
| • Suburban area | 1518 (33.3) | 819 (17.8) | |
| • Rural area | 1318 (28.9) | 2619 (57.8) | |
| Means of transport to come to the day hospital, n (%) | 1120 (31.4) | 1921 (55.8) | 0.020 |
| • Private car | 2720 (60.0) | 3721 (82.2) | |
| • Public transport or other, including taxi | 1820 (40.0) | 821 (17.8) | |
CD, Crohn’s disease; NA, Not applicable; SD, Standard deviation.
*Matching factors for the case-control analysis.
Missing data: 14; 2 3; 31; 41; 52; 61; 71; 84; 91; 111; 102; 111; 121; 131; 141; 151; 161; 171; 181; 191; 201; 211.
Bold values indicate statistically significant results.