Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with metabolic associated fatty liver disease, n (%)
| Variable | Category |
Univariate analysis
|
Multivariable analysis
|
||
|
Odds ratio (95%CI)
|
P value
|
Odds ratio (95%CI)
|
P value
|
||
| General information | |||||
| Sex | Male(ref) | ||||
| Female | 0.69 (0.58-0.84) | < 0.001 | 0.67 (0.57-0.80) | 0.001 | |
| Age | 1.01 (1.01-1.02) | 0.001 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.001 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 1.46 (1.41-1.52) | < 0.001 | 1.45 (1.40-1.51) | < 0.001 | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 1.00 (0.99-1.00) | 0.360 | None | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | 0.007 | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.002 | |
| Waist circumference, cm | 1.12 (1.11-1.14) | < 0.001 | 1.12 (1.11-1.14) | < 0.001 | |
| Hip circumference, cm | 0.95 (0.93-0.96) | < 0.001 | 0.95 (0.93-0.96) | < 0.001 | |
| Smoke | Never (ref) | 0.409 | None | ||
| Always | 1.18 (0.90-1.56) | 0.236 | None | ||
| Smoke in the past | 1.07 (0.80-1.43) | 0.667 | None | ||
| Passive exposure to secondhand smoke | 1.15 (0.80-1.65) | 0.464 | None | ||
| Alcohol consumption | No(ref) | ||||
| Yes | 0.89 (0.78-1.01) | 0.061 | 1.11 (0.99-1.26) | 0.082 | |
| Diabetes | No(ref) | ||||
| Yes | 1.16 (0.91-1.49) | 0.231 | None | ||
| ≥ 2 metabolic abnormalities | No(ref) | ||||
| Yes | 3.38 (3.00-3.82) | < 0.001 | 3.38 (2.99-3.81) | < 0.001 | |
| Take the initiative to acquire medical knowledge | No(ref) | ||||
| Yes | 1.14 (1.02-1.26) | 0.017 | 1.14 (1.03-1.27) | 0.014 | |
| Laboratory inspection | |||||
| TG, mmol/L | 1.31 (1.15-1.49) | < 0.001 | 1.33 (1.27-1.40) | < 0.001 | |
| TC, mmol/L | 1.09 (0.81-1.45) | 0.578 | None | ||
| LDL- C, mmol/L | 1.00 (0.74-1.35) | 0.997 | None | ||
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 0.50 (0.33-0.73) | < 0.001 | 0.58 (0.47-0.71) | < 0.001 | |
| TBIL, μmol/L | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | 0.044 | 0.98 (0.98-0.99) | < 0.001 | |
| AST, U/L | 0.98 (0.97-0.98) | < 0.001 | 1.01 (1.01-1.01) | < 0.001 | |
| ALT, U/L | 1.02 (1.02-1.03) | < 0.001 | 1.02 (1.02-1.02) | < 0.001 | |
| A/G | 1.85 (1.53-2.25) | < 0.001 | 0.99 (0.92-1.08) | 0.884 | |
| BUN, mmol/L | 0.98 (0.94-1.02) | 0.388 | None | ||
| FPG, mmol/L | 0.97 (0.91-1.04) | 0.426 | None | ||
| HbA1c (%) | 1.35 (1.20-1.52) | < 0.001 | 1.52 (1.47-1.57) | < 0.001 | |
| Total bile acid, μmol/L | 1.00 (1.00-1.01) | 0.395 | None | ||
| SUA, μmol/L | 1.00 (1.00-1.01) | < 0.001 | 1.01 (1.01-1.01) | < 0.001 | |
| Platelets (×109/L) | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | < 0.001 | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | < 0.001 | |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 0.99 (0.99-1.00) | < 0.001 | 0.99 (0.99-0.99) | < 0.001 | |
| Lifestyle management | |||||
| Inappetence | Never(ref) | 0.597 | None | ||
| Occasionally | 1.13 (0.84-1.52) | 0.409 | None | ||
| Often | 1.16 (0.86-1.57) | 0.322 | None | ||
| Do you often eat late night snacks | Never(ref) | 0.529 | None | ||
| Occasionally | 1.33 (0.78-2.28) | 0.288 | |||
| Often | 1.37 (0.79-2.35) | 0.260 | |||
| Crapulent | No(ref) | ||||
| Yes | 0.93 (0.73-1.20) | 0.586 | None | ||
| Food preference | Light (ref) | 0.868 | None | ||
| Briny | 0.97 (0.85-1.10) | 0.617 | |||
| Unclear | 0.99 (0.85-1.14) | 0.874 | |||
| Drink beverage | Never (ref) | 0.015 | 0.004 | ||
| Occasionally | 2.66 (1.37-5.18) | 0.004 | 1.01 (0.85-1.20) | 0.917 | |
| Often | 2.69 (1.36-5.32) | 0.004 | 0.32 (0.17-0.63) | 0.001 | |
| Exercise frequency | 1-2 times/wk (ref) | 0.048 | 0.025 | ||
| 3-5 times/wk | 1.20 (1.03-1.40) | 0.017 | 0.95 (0.84-1.08) | 0.429 | |
| > 5 times/wk | 1.14 (1.00-1.30) | 0.049 | 0.82 (0.71-0.95) | 0.009 | |
| Exercise training | 0.39 (0.04-3.58) | 0.404 | None | ||
| Exercise duration | < 30 min (ref) | 0.049 | 0.045 | ||
| 30-60 min | 0.81 (0.68-0.96) | 0.017 | 1.07 (0.94-1.22) | 0.283 | |
| > 60 min | 0.87 (0.76-1.00) | 0.045 | 1.24 (1.04-1.47) | 0.015 | |
| Labor intensity | Light physical labor (ref) | 0.049 | 0.026 | ||
| Moderate physical labor | 0.80 (0.66-0.97) | 0.024 | 0.78 (0.65-0.95) | 0.013 | |
| Heavy physical labor | 0.79 (0.51-1.21) | 0.273 | 0.77 (0.50-1.18) | 0.226 | |
| Psychological states | |||||
| Irritability | Never (ref) | 0.637 | None | ||
| Occasionally | 1.01 (0.89-1.15) | 0.851 | |||
| Often | 1.14 (0.87-1.50) | 0.346 | |||
| Tense and unrelaxed | Never (ref) | 0.806 | None | ||
| Occasionally | 0.95 (0.820-1.11) | 0.351 | |||
| Often | 0.96 (0.69-1.35) | 0.828 | |||
| Anxious | Never (ref) | 0.076 | 0.091 | ||
| Occasionally | 0.92 (0.78-1.08) | 0.290 | 0.96 (0.85-1.07) | 0.447 | |
| Often | 1.38 (0.91-2.08) | 0.127 | 1.31 (1.00-1.73) | 0.052 | |
| Depress | Never (ref) | 0.211 | None | ||
| Occasionally | 1.09 (0.92-1.29) | 0.320 | |||
| Often | 0.77 (0.49-1.21) | 0.264 | |||
| Sleep | Well (ref) | 0.221 | None | ||
| Moderate | 0.98 (0.82-1.16) | 0.791 | |||
| Bad | 0.89 (0.74-1.07) | 0.225 | |||
BMI: Body Mass Index; SUA: Serum uric acid; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TBIL: Total bilirubin; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; A/G: Albumin/globulin; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.